Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest : Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation

they have missing hands or feet, or may be like our omega male, Tinka, who has injured hands and a constant itchy skin complaint ...

scores and their linear distribution. These were the ‘political’ animals, the rivals among whom competition for rank was greates ...

and chasing, and in the case of Gonza and Kwera this was in the context of sexual coer- cion. In the case of Tinka, the actors w ...

whom to groom. Association can be measured by proximity and by behaviours; the most striking behaviour of associating males is g ...

of the Sonso community. (And so it should have been, for as it turned out when we later did our genetic analysis of paternity (s ...

At the time of these studies, DN was the alpha male but there was rivalry for the beta position, held by VN. The gamma male, BK, ...

alienate him, leading to challenges in the future. However, MA may have been flattered (if we can use such a word, and maybe we ...

opposed to 35%–41% in captivity). This low frequency of reconciliation was found in relation to male–male, male–female, and fema ...

by females: at Gombe (Goodall 1986), at Mahale (Nishida 1989) and at Kibale (Wranghamet al. 1992). De Waal (1982) described the ...

Summarizing, the existence of female dominance interactions confirmed that some degree of female–female competition exists, and ...

134 Social behaviour and relationships Table 6.4: Chimpanzee calls and the emotions or feelings with which they are mostly assoc ...

There are four phases of the pant-hoot: the introduction, build-up, climax and letdown (Fig. 6.8), and these differ in ‘length’ ...

reduce their own ability to find as much food as they want.^59 On the other hand they found that the frequency of arrivals of ot ...

other groups in order to avoid agonistic interactions and I strongly concur with her on this. Having observed the reaction of me ...

Initial visual and audio inspection of the results indicated that there were two main differences between Budongo and Kibale pan ...

The results of this study were that significant inter-population differences were found to exist in the rate of delivery and fun ...

Slow roars. These were mainly found in the context of arrival at a particular place, often when the food was abundant; correspo ...

Pant-hoots 141 Fig. 6.9: Four pant-hoot variants identified in Budongo chimpanzees (a) Roar pant-hoot; (b) slow roar; (c) wail p ...

In the case of drumming, are individuals (males mainly but also a few females) identifying themselves when they drum on the butt ...

Screams 143 Fig. 6.10: Spectrograms of scream vocalizations given by three randomly chosen males. Illustrated are screams given ...