Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses

is identical; therefore, there is no association between the exposure and the disease. When an OR is greater than 1.0, there is ...

a historical exposure and then follow the sample forward to the present time to determine whether the disease is present. In a c ...

Cohort studies are advantageous because they can be used to measure inci- dence and to study many outcomes. Generally, cohort st ...

In epidemiology, screening involves testing people without known disease to determine whether they have a disease. Screening is ...

Sensitivity measures the accuracy of the test for identifying who has the disease (TP and FN) and is calculated as follows: Sens ...

then 70% of the women in this age group who screened positive for breast cancer during mammography actually have breast cancer. ...

Epidemiologic designs provide sound methodology for nurses to investigate patterns of disease to best determine contributing fac ...

waste of time and money. Furthermore, undue stress may result for individu- als who are made aware of untreatable conditions. Ad ...

REFERENCES Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2016). Screening for breast cancer with digital tomosynthesis. Retrieved ...

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013a). Death in the United States, 2011. NCHS Data Brief No. 115. Retrieved from h ...

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, you will be able to: ‹ Define qualitative research ‹ Describe sampling techniques ...

Qualitative Designs: Using Words to Provide Evidence Kristen L. Mauk 9.1 What Is Qualitative Research? At the end of this sectio ...

In contrast to quantitative research, qualitative research focuses on words instead of numbers, on understanding and giving mean ...

nothing had been previously written or studied. So, qualitative methods are useful to answer descriptive and exploratory questio ...

Collecting Data There are three main sources of data in qualitative research: (1) in-depth in- terviews, (2) direct observation, ...

newsletters, visiting support groups, using the media such as television or radio, posting fliers in places where potential part ...

data collection. Because researchers are considered to be tools for obtaining information, they cannot be merely a detached obse ...

period of time. Researchers use self-reflection to explore personal feelings and experiences to minimize their biases. This is i ...

In some types of qualitative research, theory development is an expected outcome. In this case, the researcher must identify con ...

participants either during or after the study, or both, and sharing the results with them to be sure that the end product reflec ...