Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses

(Ben Green) #1

grounded theory, 230, 231t, 232–236, 239
historical, 230, 231t, 241–243
phenomenology, 230, 231t, 233
quality domains, in AGREE II instrument, 415, 416t
quality improvement committees, 50
quantitative data
collecting
appraising data collection, 270, 270b
case studies, 272, 274
ethics, 278–279
focus groups, 272, 273–274
interviews, 272, 273
issues, 260
levels of measurement, 261–262, 261f–262f
observation, 258
preparing to go field,
questionnaires, 256–258
meaning of
chapter objectives and key terms, 330
distribution patterns, 341–344, 342t, 343f–344f
EBP, meanings for, 370–373, 372f
error, reducing, 355–361, 358t, 359f, 360f
ethics, 373–374
frequencies, using to describe samples, 333–336,
335 t, 336t
inferential statistics, 352–353
learning, applying, 374
measures of central tendency, 337–341
measures of variability, 345–351, 345t, 346f, 349f,
350 f
rapid review, 326
statistical tests, using to infer to populations
inferential statistics, terms and symbols used in,
361–370
testing for differences among group, 365
testing for relationships among variables, 368
quantitative designs
appraising elements, 151b
chapter objectives and key terms, 170
ethics, 188–189
evidence, appraising, 407–408
experimental designs, 172–177, 172t, 176 t
key principles of
best design, selecting, 149–155
chapter objectives and key terms, 148
designs, purposes of, 150
ethics, 166–167
learning, applying, 168
learning, applying, 190
rapid review, 167–168


specific uses of, 163
time dimensions of designs, 162–165
validity, 155–161
quantitative research
deductive reasoning, 18, 19t
defined, 16
quasi-experimental designs, 177–180
defined, 177
experimental design, compared to, 177, 180
nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest designs,
177–178, 178t
preexperimental designs, 179–180
time series designs, 179
types of, 177, 178t
query letters for manuscripts, 502–503, 503b
questionnaires
consistency of, 256–258, 257f
defined, 256
quantitative research data collection, 256–258
quota sampling, 296, 297

R
RAAR and type I and II errors, 358
random assignment, in quantitative design, 153
random error, defined, 264
random sampling, in quantitative design, 153
randomization, 212
experimental designs, 172, 173t
probability sampling methods, 295
quantitative design, 153
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
characteristics of, 172–173
evidence in quantitative studies, appraising, 407, 409f
true experimental designs, 172–173, 173t
range, as measure of variability, 345, 345t
rate, defined, 198
ratio
defined, 197
level of measurement, 261
RCT. See randomized controlled trial
reactivity, and external validity, 159
realist tales, 388
reasoning, ways of, 19t
recall, and searching electronic databases, 111
reciprocity in qualitative research, ethics of, 397t
record
defined, 108
numbers in databases, 109

INDEX 547
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