PRISMA. See Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic
Reviews and Meta-Analyses
privacy
IRB area of concern, 60t
qualitative research, ethical issue in, 397t
probability
defined, 151
inferential statistics, 353–353
sampling methods
cluster sampling, 293–294
simple random sampling, 290–293
stratified random sampling, 291t, 293
systematic random sampling, 294
problem of interest, 74–75. See also research questions,
identifying problem solving
problem statements
defined, 76
developing, 76–77, 77b
professional behaviors, 508
professional integrity, maintaining, 464–465
professionalism
innovator, developing oneself as, 461–462, 463f
models of, 461–462
orientation programs, 458
proportion, defined, 197
proposition, defined, 133
propositional knowledge, defined, 309, 310
prospective designs, defined, 163. See also longitudinal
designs
Psyc INFO, literature search, 315
psychometrics, defined, 264
Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association, 21
PubMed Clinical Queries, 117t
purpose statements, 77f
purposive sampling
nonprobability methods, 295, 296t
qualitative research, 223
pyramid of evidence
overview of, 309–310
studies, 310–313, 312b
summaries, 309, 310f, 319
synopses, 309, 310f, 319
systems, 309, 310f, 319
Q
qualification, defined, 115
qualitative data
analysis, 379–385
data management, 380–385
explained, 379–380
data, collecting, 271–277
appraising methods, 277b
evaluation, 391–396
overview of, 391
standards for, 392
trustworthiness, establishing, 392–395, 393b
interpretation, 385–391
conclusions, drawing and verifying, 386–388
rapid review, 399
reports, writing, 388–391
levels of, 386t
meaning of
chapter objectives and key terms, 378
ethics, 392, 393, 396–398
learning, applying, 399
rapid review, 399
strategies for generating, 387, 387t
qualitative designs
chapter objectives and key terms, 220
ethics, 244–246, 246b
evidence, appraising, 408
learning, applying, 247
qualitative research, described, 22b, 221–223
qualitative types of
comparison of methods, 230, 231t
ethnography, 230, 231, 231t, 232, 236–238,
240–241
grounded theory, 230, 231t, 232–236, 239
historical, 230, 231t, 241–243
phenomenology, 230, 231t, 233
rapid review, 247–248
qualitative evaluation, 221–222, 222b
qualitative research
data collection, common pitfalls in, 224
defined, 16
described
data analysis and interpretation, 226–228
data collection, 224–226
evaluation, 228–229
overview of, 221–223
sampling, 223–224
inductive reasoning, 19, 20f
report, components, 389b
risk in, ethics of, 397t
types of
comparison of methods, 230, 231t
ethnography, 230, 231, 231t, 232, 236–238, 240–241546 INDEX