Produce Degradation Pathways and Prevention

358 Produce Degradation: Reaction Pathways and their Prevention

TABLE 11.6
Examples of Fungal Diseases on Fruits and Fungicides Used for Their Control
in the U.S.

Commodity Disease/Fungus Infected Plant Parts Fungicides

Apples Powdery mildew
Podosphaera
leucotricha

Buds, shoots,

blossoms,

developing fruits

Benomyl, cyprodinil, fenarimol, kresoxim-

methyl, mancozeb, metiram, myclobutanil,

sulfur, thiophanate-methyl, triadimefon,

trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, ziram

Apple scab

Venturia inaequalis

Leaves, fruits Benomyl, captan, cyprodinil, dodine,
fenarimol, ferbam, kresoxim-methyl,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, myclobutanil,
thiophanate-methyl, thiram,
trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, ziram
Bananas Black leaf streak
Mycosphaerella
fijiensis

Leaves Azoxystrobin, benomyl, fenbuconazole,
flusilazole, mancozeb, maneb,
propiconazole, tebuconazole, tridemorph
Citrus fruitsa Brown rot
Phytophthora spp.

Fruits Benomyl, coppers, fosetyl-Al, mefenoxam;
postharvest: benomyl, biphenyl,
o-phenylphenol, thiabendazole
Grapes Powdery mildew
Uncinula necator

Leaves, stems, and

berries

Azoxystrobin, captan, fenarimol, kresoxim-

methyl, myclobutanil, triadimefon,

trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, Ampelomyces

quisqualis

Downy mildew

Plasmopara viticola

Leaves, stems,

blossoms, and

berries

Azoxystrobin, captan, ferbam, kresoxim-

methyl, mancozeb, mefenoxam,

triflumizole, ziram

Black rot

Guignardia bidwelli

Leaves, stems, and

berries

Azoxystrobin, captan, fenarimol, ferbam,
kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb,
myclobutanil, tebuconazole, triadimefon,
trifloxystrobin, triflumizole, ziram
Pears Pear scab
Venturia pirina

Leaves, fruits, twigs Benomyl, fenarimol, ferbam, mancozeb,

sulfur, triflumizole, ziram

Gray mold

Botrytis cinerea

Fruits (postharvest) post-harvest: o-phenylphenol, sodium
hypochlorite, thiabendazole
Stone fruitsb Brown rot
Monilinia fructicola

Blossoms, fruits,

twigs

Benomyl, captan, chlorothalonil,
fenbuconazole, ferbam, iprodione,
myclobutanil, propiconazole, sulfur,
tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl
Strawberries Gray mold
(botrytis fruit rot)
Botrytis cinerea

Petals, flower stalks,

fruit caps, and fruits

Benomyl, captan, cyprodinil, fenhexamid,

fludioxonil, iprodione, thiophanate-

methyl, thiram, vinclozolin

aGrapefruits, lemons, limes, oranges, and tangerines.
bCherries, peaches, nectarines, plums, and prunes.

Source:National Scientific Foundation Center for Integrated Pest Management and USDA Crop Profiles
Web site, available at http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/.