Produce Degradation Pathways and Prevention

Role of Pesticides in Produce Production, Preservation, Quality, and Safety 365

This group of herbicides with predominant uptake by roots can also be effective in

postemergence weed control. The primary action of triazines, triazinones, uracils,

and ureas is inhibition of the Hill reaction (the light reaction II consisting of water

photolysis) of photosynthetic electron transport, thus depriving the weed of its energy

TABLE 11.10
Herbicides Used in Weed Control in Produce Production in the U.S. (continued)

Commodity Weed Preemergence Herbicides Weed Postemergence Herbicides

Peaches Diuron, napropamide, norflurazon,
oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
simazine, terbacil

2,4-D, glyphosate, paraquat

Pears Diuron, norflurazon, oxyfluorfen,
simazine

2,4-D, glyphosate, paraquat, sulfosate

Strawberries Napropamide, simazine, sulfentrazone,
terbacil

Clethodim, glyphosate, paraquat,

sethoxydim

Vegetables:
Broccoli Bensulide, DCPA, napropamide,
oxyfluorfen, trifluralin

Sethoxydim

Carrots Linuron, trifluralin Fluazifop-P-butyl
Cucumbers Bensulide, clomazone, ethalfluralin,
S-metolachlor, naptalam, pendimethalin

Glyphosate, naptalam, paraquat,
sethoxydim
Lettuce Benefin, bensulide, pronamide Glyphosate, paraquat, sethoxydim
Onions Bensulide, DCPA, dimethenamid,
S-metolachlor, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, trifluralin

Bromoxynil, clethodim, fluazifop-P-butyl,

glyphosate, paraquat, sethoxydim

Peas Clomazone, imazethapyr, S-metolachlor,
pendimethalin, tri-allate, trifluralin

Bentazon, MPCA, MPCB, paraquat,
quizalofop-P-ethyl, sethoxydim
Peppers Clomazone, S-metolachlor, napropamide,
oxyfluorfen, trifluralin

Glyphosate, paraquat

Potatoes EPTC, linuron, S-metolachlor, metribuzin,
pendimethalin

Clethodim, EPTC, glyphosate,
metribuzin, rimsulfuron, sethoxydim
(+ diquat, endothal, paraquat or sulfuric acid as desiccants)
Sweet corn Acetochlor, alachlor, atrazine, butylate,
cyanazine, dimethenamid,
dimethenamid-P, S-metolachlor,
pendimethalin, simazine

Bentazon, 2,4-D, glyphosate

Tomatoes S-metolachlor, metribuzin, napropamide,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, trifluralin

Glyphosate, metribuzin, paraquat,

sethoxydim

Note:The most widely applied herbicides in 2001 on fruits and in 2002 on vegetables are highlighted
in bold.

Sources:U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistic Service, Agricultural Chemical
Usage Reports: 2001 Fruit Summary (August 2002) and 2002 Vegetables Summary (July 2003), available
at http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/pubs.htm and National Scientific Foundation Center for Integrated Pest
Management and USDA Crop Profiles Web site, available at http://pestdata.ncsu.edu/cropprofiles/.