Testing Lecture Comprehension Through Listening-to-summarize Cloze Tasks

Chapter 8 Linking Task Demands, Cognitive Processes and Language Competence 8.1 Introduction This chapter revisits research ques ...

skills needed represented by both teachers’and students’questionnaire data) and cognitive processes that indicate language compe ...

both teachers and students are analyzed and compared to extract the principle components that construct“task demands”and probe i ...

task demands, but to what extent the assumed task demands can be actualized in the real test-taking cognitive process must be su ...

used as testing material and short-answer format was employed. Hansen (1994) used both detail and global questions to assess stu ...

8.4.1 Decoding We just discussed that decoding is the weakest factor amongst the four. In quali- tative part of the research, we ...

proficiency. On the whole, students’emphasis on note-taking shows the importance of notes as a reference in completing the gap-f ...

cognitive processes is already discussed in Chap. 6 , this section will mainly center upon cognitive processes presented in Fig. ...

participants mentioned in their verbal protocols. It substantially demonstrates stu- dents rely heavily on their notes in tackli ...

process becomes selective attention instead of discourse construction. Nevertheless, test-takers might naturally resort to disco ...

8.6 Test-Takers’Cognitive Behavior in Phase 1 and Phase 2 Across Their Different Competence Levels The following arguments attem ...

use these lower processes, but successful listeners will smoothly progress to a more profound cognitive process while less succe ...

processes involve a sequence of cognitive activities under active control while automatic processes refer to a sequence of cogni ...

less successful listeners and successful listeners select more propositional units for processing than less successful listeners ...

without enough associations, other details scatter all the way through and they might not even be selected for attention. 8.6.6 ...

successful strategy for answering global questions”(Hansen 1994: 265). Verbatim retelling might only happen when the proposition ...

retelling sentences verbatim or paraphrasing them in their own words and hence more skilled L2 listeners’listening process will ...

Successful listeners outperform less successful listeners in terms of the four steps. First, successful listeners select more pr ...

Comparing retelling in Phase 2 and the gap-filling task in Phase 1, we may arrive at a conclusion that retelling is easier becau ...

The two participants can recall clearly how many points have been heard, but they fail to recall all the detailed content of tho ...