226 | INDEX
Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al- Safāʾ), 205–7,
210n50
Breviary of Alaric (Lex Romana Visigothorum),
171
Brown, P., historian, 41–45, 88
Buddha, 124, 188–89
Bukhārā, 115, 161, 199
Bukhārī, traditionist, 192, 194
Burckhardt, J., historian, 24, 34, 46
Buyids, 114, 125
“Byzantium”, 53
Caesarea (Palestine), 72, 73, 185
Cairo (Fustāt), 97, 112, 120
Canepa, M., historian, 220
canon, canonicity 57, 129–30, 165, 175, 176,
182–83, 190, 192
capitalism, origins of, 214
Carolingians, 214, 216
Casaubon, I., scholar, 21, 31
Caspian Sea, 119
Cassiodorus, scholar, 140
Cassius, Mount ( Jabal Aqra), 95
Caucasus, 116, 119, 121. See also Armenia
Celsus, philosopher, 136
Chalcedon, Council of, 24, 98, 103, 112–13,
138, 140, 141, 143, 152, 186, 188. See also
miaphysitism
China, 98, 111, 113
Christianity, patristic, 181–88
Chronicle of Seert, 80n91
Church of the East, 79n89, 85, 98, 111, 113, 200
codex, 73, 168, 174
commentary, philosophical/scriptural/legal,
134–36, 161, 165, 167, 170, 184–85, 193,
201
commonwealth (cultural), 105–16, 221
Comparison of Mosaic and Roman laws, 169, 185
Constans II, Roman emperor, 103
Constantine I, Roman emperor, 24, 70–71, 74,
86, 111–12
Constantine, Arch of. See Rome
Constantinople: Council of (680–81), 186; in-
tellectual life at, 150–51
Copts: archaeolog y, 31; philosophy, 138n56
Corpus Coranicum project, 4, 47–48, 219
creation, see matter
Crusades, 214, 215
Daniel al- Qūmisī, Karaite, 179–80
David, philosopher, 140–41, 142
Davutoǧlu, A., Turkish foreign minister, 112
Dāwūd al- Muqammas, philosopher, theologian,
179–80
decline: as concept in historical analysis, 26, 52–
53, 165, 215n68, 220; supposed characteris-
tic of late Antiquity, 24, 40, 45; urban, 45–
46, 78. See also Gibbon, E.
Denkard, 201–3
Digest, 167, 170, 172, 175, 217
Diocletian, Roman emperor, 168, 200
Diodorus of Sicily, historian, 68
Dionysius Exiguus, scholar, 80
Dionysius the Areopagite, Ps.- , theologian, 138,
144–45, 159, 160, 177, 187
Dirār ibn ʿAmr, theologian, 155–56
Donation of Constantine, 20–21
Dura Europus, 43East Roman Commonwealth, 111–14
East Romans: Hellenism of, 151–52
ecclesiastical history: post- Eusebian develop-
ment of, 69, 75, 76n70, 77
Ecloga of Leo III, 171
Edessa, 98, 100–1, 125
Eg ypt, 104, 118, 120
Elias, philosopher, 140, 142
Elias bar Shenaya, scholar, 69, 79–81, 117, 153,
210, 221
Encyclopaedia Iranica, 111
encyclopedism, 128n2, 145–46, 162, 204–7
Ephrem of Nisibis, theologian, 72, 97, 141, 153,
177n67
Erasmus, D., scholar, 21
Eunomius, theologian, 137, 138
Euphrates, 104, 115, 120
Eurasia, 5n11, 32, 101, 214
Eurasian Hinge, 104–5, 116, 123, 153, 214, 217
Eusebius of Caesarea, scholar, 69, 70–75, 80, 85,
146, 182–85
Evagrius, historian, 75, 80, 81
Evagrius of Pontus, theologian, 177
exegesis, 57, 166, 175–76, 179–81, 186, 189;
allegorical- Alexandrian/historical-
Antiochene, 184–85. See also commentaryFārābī, philosopher, 52, 115, 126, 143, 147–52,
159–60, 205, 209, 211
Fatimids, 114
Ferdowsi, poet, 203–4, 215
Fertile Crescent, 69–70, 104–5, 116–18, 120,
124–25, 209