NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC HISTORY 19Religion
God: In Indo-European it is *déiwo-s, from which is derived the
Sanskrit GHYi the Old Irish día, the Latin GHXV (from which, the
English GLYLQHGLYLQLW), the Spanish GLRVand the French GLHX
Animals
Livestock: In Indo-European the term is
SpNX The Sanskrit is
páŋX the Gothic, IDtKX (related, also, to money). The German is
YLHK³which, continuing the money association, is also the root
of the English word IHHThe Latin for livestock, SHFX is the root
of the English SHFXQLDU\
Cow: The Indo-European is *gwL·u, from which come the
Sanskrit gáu, the Latvian gùovs, and the German NXK
Transportation
Wheel: One of the Indo-European words for wheel is *kwHO
the root for English, Dutch ZLHO and some other languages.
Another Indo-European word for wheel,
URWRis the root for the
Latin URWD Spanish UXHGD German UDG and French URXH
words.
Pontic-CaspianAnatolia
Black SeaMed
iter
ranean (^) Sea
Ca
sp
ian
(^) S
ea
INDIA
PERSIA
Ste
ppe
Kurgan hypothesis^0 300 mi
MAP: EOSGIS.COM
nn ttololiaiai nnn hyhhyhyypopop thththhesese isiss^3003000
THE HOMELAND OF THE INDO-EUROPEANS. There are two main
theories regarding the original place from which the Indo-
Europeans spread in successive waves. One theory argues
that they originated in Anatolia in the Neolithic period. The
other theory, the Kurgan hypothesis, posits that they started
out farther north, in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe. Recent ge-
netic studies have complicated the picture, suggesting that
the people who spread from the steppe were of Anatolian ori-
gin. It may be that there was no single homeland and that the
Indo-Europeans were not a homogeneous people.
18TH-CENTURY MANUSCRIPT (ABOVE) OF THE SIKH
SCRIPTURE THE DASAM GRANTH, WITH TEXTS IN HINDI,
PERSIAN, AND OTHERS, ALL IN GURMUKHI SCRIPT
AKG/ALBUM
Examples above can be found in the
Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture,
edited by J. P. Mallory and D. Q. Adams.
Homeland in the
Kurgan culture of
the steppe
(Marija Gimbutas)
Homeland in
Anatolia
(Colin Renfrew)