- WE HAVE A SERIOUS PROBLEM185
- Gause, Oil Monarchies, 147.
- F. Gregory Gause III, “The Political Economy of National Security in the GCC States,”
in The Persian Gulf at the Millennium, ed. Gary Sick and Lawrence Potter (New York:
St. Martin’s, 1997), 80. - Michael Herb, All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in Middle
Eastern Monarchies (Albany: SUNY Press, 1999), 241– 42. - Kiren Aziz Chaudhry, The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle
East (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997), 149, 274– 75. - Sean Foley, The Arab Gulf States: Beyond Oil and Islam (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner,
2010), 85. - Oliver Schlumberger, “Rents, Reform, and Authoritarianism in the Middle East,”
Internationale Politik Und Gesellschaft 2, no. 2006 (2006): 3. - Rolf Schwarz, “The Political Economy of State- Formation in the Arab Middle East:
Rentier States, Economic Reform, and Democratization,” Review of International
Political Economy 15, no. 4 (2008): 607. - Steffen Hertog and Giacomo Luciani, “Energy and Sustainability Policies in the GCC,”
Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance, and Globalisation in the Gulf
States, London School of Economics, 2009, 7, 40; emphasis added. - F. Gregory Gause III, “Saudi Arabia in the New Middle East,” Special Report No. 63
New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2011, 11– 12. Gause also touches on distinc-
tions between fiscal expenditures and on the implications of resource demand for the
income side of the budget. See also F. Gregory Gause III, “Kings for All Seasons: How
the Middle East’s Monarchies Survived the Arab Spring,” Brookings Doha Center
Analysis Paper (Doha, 2013). - Gulf- based IOC executive, interview with author on condition of anonymity, Novem-
ber 15, 2011. - Mabro and Razavi argue that Mideast gas exports are also driven by subsidies, since
low domestic prices incentiv ize firms to reap higher expor t returns, even when t hose
gains are outweighed by the economic benefits of using gas domestically. See Robert
Mabro, “Egypt’s Oil and Gas: Some Crucial Issues,” Distinguished Lecture series
(Cairo: Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, 2006). See also Hossein Razavi, “Nat-
ural Gas Pricing in Countries of the Middle East and North Africa,” Energy Journal
30, no. 3 (2009): 1– 22. - Matthew Gray, “A Theory of ‘Late Rentierism’ in the Arab States of the Gulf,” schol-
arly paper (Doha: Georgetown University Center for International and Regional Stud-
ies, 2011); Christopher M. Davidson, The United Arab Emirates: A Study in Survival
(Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005). - See note 27 in chapter 1 for a list of references on the “resource curse.”
- Jim Krane, “Reconsidering the Role of Energy in the Rentier State,” International
Association for Energy Economics annual conference, Bergen, Norway, June 21, 2016. - Glada Lahn, “Fuel, Food, and Utilities Price Reforms in the GCC: A Wake- up Call
for Business,” Chatham House, June 2016. - BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2015 (London: BP, 2015). Note that emissions
from Oman and Bahrain are not included in the GCC total.
john hannent
(John Hannent)
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