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(John Hannent) #1
1866. WE HAVE A SERIOUS PROBLEM


  1. Flaring is particularly prevalent in Iraq. International Energy Agency, “World Energy
    Outlook 2015 Special Report on Energy and Climate Change,” June 15, 2015, http: //
    w w w. w o r l d e n e r g y o u t l o o k. o r g / e n e r g y c l i m a t e / # d. e n. 1 4 3 8 0 1.

  2. Jeremy S. Pal and Elfatih A. B. Eltahir, “Future Temperature in Southwest Asia Pro-
    jected to Exceed a Threshold for Human Adaptability,” Nature Climate Change 6, no. 2
    (February 2016): 197– 200.

  3. Jeff Masters, “Eastern Hemisphere’s All- Time Temperature Record: Kuwait Fries in
    54°C (129.2°F) Heat,” Weather Underground Wunder Blog, July 22, 2016, https: //www
    . w u n d e r g r o u n d. c o m / b l o g / J e ff M a s t e r s / e a s t e r n - h e m i s p h e r e s - a l l t i m e - t e m p e r a t u r e

    • r e c o r d - k u w a i t - f r y s - i n - 5 4 c.



  4. BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2017 (London: BP, 2017).

  5. APICORP, “The Future of Coal in the MENA Power Mix” (Khobar, Saudi Arabia:
    Arab Petroleum Investments Corp., August 2017).

  6. BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2017.

  7. This notion forms the basis for Jim Krane, “Beyond 12.5: The Implications of an
    Increase in Saudi Crude Oil Production Capacity,” Energy Policy 110 (2017): 542– 47.

  8. Once prices are raised, other demand- side reforms, such as efficiency standards, can
    provide further reductions.

  9. Paul Pierson, “The New Politics of the Welfare State,” Worl d Politic s 48 (1996): 143– 79.

  10. David G. Victor, “The Politics of Fossil- Fuel Subsidies,” working paper, Global Sub-
    sidies Initiative, International Institute of Sustainable Development, 2009.

  11. Pierson, “The New Politics of the Welfare State”; Douglas R. Arnold, The Logic of Con-
    gressional Action (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992); Eric Patashnik, “After
    the Public Interest Prevails: The Political Sustainability of Policy Reform,” Governance
    16, no. 2 (2003): 203– 34; Steffen Hertog, Princes, Brokers, and Bureaucrats: Oil and the
    State in Saudi Arabia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010), 223– 45.

  12. International Monetary Fund, “Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications”
    ( W a s h i n g t o n : I M F , 2 0 1 3 ) , h t t p s : / / w w w. i m f. o r g / e n / P u b l i c a t i o n s / P o l i c y - P a p e r s / I s s u e s
    / 2 0 1 6 / 1 2 / 3 1 / E n e r g y - S u b s i d y - R e f o r m - L e s s o n s - a n d - I m p l i c a t i o n s - P P 4 7 4 1.

  13. Lucas Davis, “Historic Opportunity to Reduce Global Fuel Subsidies,” November 9,
    2015, Energy Institute at Haas blog, https: //energyathaas .wordpress .com /2015 /11 /09
    / h i s t o r i c - o p p o r t u n i t y - t o - r e d u c e - g l o b a l - f u e l - s u b s i d i e s / ; N o e l D. U r i a n d R o y B o y d ,
    “An Evaluation of the Economic Effects of Higher Energy Prices in Mexico,” Energy
    Policy 25 (1997): 205– 15.

  14. “Mexico Electricity Market Reforms Attempt to Reduce Costs and Develop New
    Capacity,” Today in Energy, US Energy Information Administration, July 5, 2016, http: //
    w w w. e i a. g o v / t o d a y i n e n e r g y / d e t a i l. p h p? i d=26932.

  15. “Malaysia Scraps Fuel Subsidies as Najib Ends Decades- Old Policy,” Bloomberg,
    N o v e m b e r 2 1 , 2 0 1 4 , h t t p : / / w w w. b l o o m b e r g. c o m / n e w s / a r t i c l e s / 2 0 1 4 – 1 1 – 2 1 / m a l a y s i a

    • s c r a p s - f u e l - s u b s i d i e s - a s - n a j i b - e n d s - d e c a d e s - o l d - p o l i c y.



  16. International Monetary Fund, “Energy Subsidy Reform: Lessons and Implications.”

  17. “Five Reasons Why Nigeria Ended Fuel Subsidies,” DW .com, May 13, 2016, http: //www
    . d w. c o m / e n / fi v e - r e a s o n s - w h y - n i g e r i a - e n d e d - f u e l - s u b s i d i e s / a - 1 9 2 5 5 3 8 8.

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