Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur
- THE POLITICS OF REFORM195
- “Oman Plans 7– 8% Cut in Electricity Subsidies,” Reuters, March 3, 2016, http: //www
. k h a l e e j t i m e s. c o m / r e g i o n / o m a n - p l a n s - 7 – 8 - c u t - i n - e l e c t r i c i t y - s u b s i d i e s.
- Marc Valeri, “Simmering Unrest and Succession Challenges in Oman” (Washington:
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2015), https: //carnegieendowment .org
/ 2 0 1 5 / 0 1 / 2 8 / s i m m e r i n g - u n r e s t - a n d - s u c c e s s i o n - c h a l l e n g e s - i n - o m a n - p u b - 5 8 8 4 3.
- Author interview with Zaid al- Siyabi, director- general for oil and gas exploration and
production, Oman Ministry of Oil and Gas, Muscat, November 13, 2011.
- “New Tariff for Water & Electricity,” Hello Bahrain, January 15, 2016, http: //hellobah
r a i n. c o m / n e w s / n e w - t a r i ff - w a t e r - e l e c t r i c i t y.
- “Bahrain Natural Gas Prices for Industry Rise 25 Cents per mmBtu— Agency,”
Reuters, J a n u a r y 3 0 , 2 0 1 5 , h t t p : / / a f. r e u t e r s. c o m / a r t i c l e / e n e r g y O i l N e w s / i d A F L 6 N 0 V
91BW20150130.
- Kenneth Katzman, “Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy,” US government
report (Washington: Congressional Research Service, September 29, 2017).
- Abu Dhabi Distribution Co., “Water & Electricity Tariffs 2017,” utility rate sheet (Abu
D h a b i : A b u D h a b i D i s t r i b u t i o n C o. , 2 0 1 7 ) , h t t p s : / / w w w. a d d c. a e / e n - U S / r e s i d e n t i a l
/ D o c u m e n t s / 0 2 - E n g l i s h. p d f.
- Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority (SEWA) raised electricity and water rates for
industrial and commercial users in 2014 but left residential rates unchanged: “No
Power Shortage in Sharjah: Sewa Chief,” Emirates 24/7, March 29, 2016, http: //www
.emirates247 .com /business /no - power - shortage - i n - s h a r j a h - s e w a - c h i e f - 2 0 1 6 - 0 3 - 2 9 - 1
.625584. See also “Fewa Bills Increase by 5 Fils per kw/h,” Gulf News, December 15,
2 0 1 4 , h t t p : / / g u l f n e w s. c o m / n e w s / u a e / e n v i r o n m e n t / f e w a - b i l l s - i n c r e a s e - b y - 5 - fi l l s - p e r
- k w - h - 1. 1 4 2 7 2 5 7.
- Author interviews with Nick Carter, director general, Regulation and Supervision
Bureau– Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, November 9, 2010; and David Scott, executive direc-
tor, Economic and Energy Affairs Unit, Abu Dhabi Executive Affairs Authority,
November 11, 2010.
- Author interview with David Scott, executive director, Economic and Energy Affairs
Unit, Abu Dhabi Executive Affairs Authority, November 11, 2010.
- Jim Krane and Elsie Hung, “Energy Subsidy Reform in the Persian Gulf: The End of
the Big Oil Giveaway,” Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, April 28, 2016,
h t t p : / / w w w. b a k e r i n s t i t u t e. o r g / m e d i a / fi l e s / r e s e a r c h _ d o c u m e n t / 0 e 7 a 6 e b 7 / B I - B r i e f
- 042816 - CES_GulfSubsidy .pdf; Jean- Francois Seznec, “Saudi Energy Changes: The
End of the Rentier State” (Washington: Atlantic Council, March 2016), http: //www
.atlanticcouncil .org /images /publications /Saudi_Energy_Changes_web_0323 .pdf;
Sultan al- Qassemi, “The Gulf ’s New Social Contract” (Middle East Institute, Febru-
a r y 8 , 2 0 1 6 ) , h t t p : / / w w w. m e i. e d u / c o n t e n t / a r t i c l e / g u l f s - n e w - s o c i a l - c o n t r a c t ; G e n g l e r
and Lambert, “Renegotiating the Ruling Bargain.”
- Oliver Schlumberger, “Rents, Reform, and Authoritarianism in the Middle East,” in Dead
Ends of Transition, ed. Michael Dauderstadt and Arne Schildberg (Frankfurt: Campus
Verlag, 2006), 100– 113; Rolf Schwarz, “The Political Economy of State- Formation in the
Arab Middle East: Rentier States, Economic Reform, and Democratization,” Review of
International Political Economy 15, no. 4 (2008); also Steffen Hertog, “Oil Prices:
