Jim_Krane]_Energy_Kingdoms__Oil_and_Political_Sur

INDEX203

oil: discovery of, 1– 2, 14, 16, 19, 20, 24, 30,
34, 53– 54; early uses of, 3, 29, 35, 66;
economic dependence upon, 3– 6, 26, 57,
75, 87– 90, 129, 159; future of industry,
95– 97, 160; link to climate change, 93, 95,
160; nationalization of industry, 41,
44– 45, 48; refining of, 42, 92; reserves, 12;
revenue, 12; strategic properties of, 15, 19,
20, 27, 37, 40, 44, 47, 50, 75, 79, 138
oil consumption, 69– 70, 117, 130; Kuwait,
69– 71; Saudi Arabia, 68
oil embargo (1973), 45, 49, 54, 77; aftermath,
48– 49; causes, 45– 46; link to oil prices,
46, 54, 66; role in rent windfall, 61
oil prices, 3, 5, 15, 45, 47– 49, 54, 59– 60, 66,
74, 76, 89, 90, 96– 97, 102, 138– 139, 144,
149– 152, 155, 167, 169, 171; increases
from 1973 embargo, 46, 54, 66; increases
from 1979 Iran revolution, 56– 60
Oil Well Number 1 (Bahrain), 30
Oman, 1, 9– 14, 16, 21– 24, 34– 35, 52– 56,
58, 67– 68, 73– 74, 77, 82– 83, 85– 86, 99,
107, 113, 117, 133, 139, 142– 145, 147,
152– 154, 157– 158, 161; British
involvement in, 23; independence of
(1971), 23; isolation of, under Sultan Said
bin Taimur , 23; pre- 1930s, 21– 23;
post- 1970 modernization, 23; slave trade
in, 21; underdevelopment in, 52– 54
OPEC, 11, 23, 36, 44– 45, 47– 48, 50– 51,
131, 152; founding members, 11, 44;
history, 44; role in embargo, 51; Saudi
role in, 130
Orinoco Belt (Venezuela), 169
Ottoman Empire, involvement in the
Persian Gulf, 9– 10, 13– 14, 16, 20, 26

Pakistan, 21, 23, 99
pan- Arabism, 27
Paris climate agreement, 140, 151
peak oil, 1
Pemex, 41, 166
Persia, 24, 98

Persian Gulf, 1, 8– 11, 15, 21, 31, 98, 138;

European influence on, 9; monarchies of,

1, 10; states, 1, 10; temperature/climate,

21, 31, 93– 94

Petroleum Development Oman, 85

pilgrimage, 9

populism, 100, 141, 164

“populist paradox,” and energy subsidies,

111– 112

Portugal, military of, 9, 24

Ptolemy, 20

Qaboos bin Said, (sultan of Oman), 23, 54,

56, 144; coup, 54; Arab Spring and, 144

Qaddafi, Muammar (president of Libya), 41

Qal’at al- Bahrain, 23

Qassemi, Sultan al- , 155

Qassimi, al- (family of the UAE), 17, 19

Qatar, 1, 6, 9– 12, 19– 22, 24, 34– 35, 45, 48,

58, 67– 75, 91– 93, 113, 117, 138, 139,

142– 144, 146, 149– 153, 155, 157– 158,

161; British control, 9– 10; Catara, 20;

independence, 10, 20; and Ottoman

empire, 9– 10; wealth, 21

Qatif (Saudi Arabia), 134

Quran, 52

Ramadan, 136, 137

Ras al- Khaimah (UAE), 17, 19, 104

Ras Tanura (Saudi Arabia), 34– 35

Rashid, al- (tribe), 13

renewable energy, 94, 116, 170

rentier state theory, 24– 25, 49, 60– 62, 78,

83– 84, 86– 88, 90, 98, 108– 109, 112, 148,

151, 154– 155, 157, 170, 172; mentality, 62;

politics, 62; problems with, 109, 154, 172;

states, 98, 157

rents, 25– 27, 36, 39– 41, 44, 49, 51,

56– 57, 60– 61, 63, 72, 76, 78, 87– 88,

90, 92– 93, 104, 134. See also rentier

state theory

reserve- to- production ratio, oil, 68

resource curse, 93