Endnotes A27- Spence v. Washington, 418 U.S. 405 (1974).
- Spence v. Washington, 418 U.S. 409–10 (1974).
- Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989).
- United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 (1990).
5 6. David Wright, “Trump: Burn the Flag, Go to Jail,” CNN,
November 29, 2016, http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/29/politics/
donald-trump-flag-burning-penalty-proposal/index.html
(accessed 10/18/17).
5 7. United States v. O’Brien, 391 U.S. 367, 376 (1968). - Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, 576 U.S.
(2015).
5 9. Jess Bidgood et al., “Confederate Monuments Are Coming
Down across the United States. Here’s a List,” New York Times,
August 28, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/16/
us/confederate-monuments-removed.html; Christopher
Carbone, “Which Confederate Statues Were removed? A
Running List,” Fox News. October 18, 2017, http://www.foxnews.
com/us/2017/10/18/which-confederate-statues-were-
removed-running-list.html (both accessed 10/18/17). - Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976).
- Davis v. Federal Election Commission, 554 U.S. 724 (2008).
- Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310
(2010); McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission, 572 U.S.
(2014). - McConnell v. Federal Election Commission, 540 U.S. 93 (2003).
- Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System et al.,
Petitioners v. Scott Harold Southworth et al., 529 U.S. 217 (2000).
6 5. One example was a speech code adopted at the University of
Michigan that prohibited “any behavior, verbal or physical,
that stigmatizes or victimizes an individual on the basis
of race, ethnicity, religion, sex, sexual orientation, creed,
national origin, ancestry, age, marital status, handicap,
or Vietnam veteran status” and “creates an intimidating,
hostile, or demeaning environment for educational
pursuits, employment or participation in University-
sponsored extra-curricular activities.” Kermit L. Hall, “Free
Speech on Public College Campuses: Overview,” http://www.
firstamendmentcenter.org/speech/pubcollege/overview.
aspx (accessed 2/10/08).
6 6. Liam Stack, “Yale’s Halloween Advice Stokes a Racially
Charged Debate,” New York Times, November 8, 2015, http://www.
nytimes.com/2015/11/09/nyregion/yale-culturally-
insensitive-halloween-costumes-free-speech.html?_r=0
(accessed 12/30/15).
6 7. Michael D. Regan, “Yale Lecturer Resigns over Halloween
Costume Email Controversy,” Christian Science
Monitor, December 8, 2015, http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/
Education/2015/1208/Yale-lecturer-resigns-over-Halloween-
costume-email-controversy (accessed 12/30/15).
6 8. One of the authors of this book took Introduction to American
Politics in that lecture hall, and the other has taught many classes
in the room. For a description of the controversy, see Dwight
Adams and Holly V. Hays, “IU: Room with Mural of KKK Rally
Will No Longer Be a Classroom,” Indianapolis Star, September
29, 2017, http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2017/09/29/indiana-
university-no-longer-use-room-mural-showing-kkk-rally-
classroom/717308001 (accessed 10/18/17). - City of St. Paul v. RAV, 505 U.S. 377 (1992).
- Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003).
7 1. The Editorial Board, “Hate Speech on Facebook,” New
York Times, May 30, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/31/
opinion/misogynist-speech-on-facebook.html (accessed
1/28/1 4).
7 2. Facebook “community standards” on hate speech, http://www.
facebook.com/communitystandards (accessed 1/28/14).
7 3. Jeff Rosen, “Who Decides? Civility v. Hate Speech on
the Internet,” Insights on Law and Society 13:2 (Winter
2013), http://www.americanbar.org/publications/insights_
on_law_andsociety/13/winter_2013/who_decides_
civilityvhatespeechontheinternet.html (accessed 1/29/14).
74. Packingham v. North Carolina, 582 U.S. (2017).- De Jonge v. State of Oregon, 299 U.S. 353 (1937); Edwards v. South
Carolina, 372 U.S. 229 (1963).
7 6. The Supreme Court declined to review the case in Smith v.
Collin, 439 U.S. 916 (1978), which meant that the lower-court
rulings stood (447 F. Supp. 676 [1978], 578 F.2d 1197 [1978]). See
Donald A. Downs, Nazis in Skokie: Freedom, Community and the
First Amendment (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame
Press, 1985), for an excellent analysis of this important case.
7 7. Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement, 505 U.S. 123 (1992).
7 8. Keneally and Jacobo, “Police.” - Frisby et al. v. Schultz et al., 487 U.S. 474 (1988).
8 0. See https://freespeech.ufl.edu/ for a discussion of all the
related issues (accessed 3/7/18). - McCullen v. Coakley, 573 U.S. (2014).
8 2. New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971). - New York Times Co. v. United States, 403 U.S. 713 (1971).
8 4. Tom Porter, “Trump Administration Threatens Freedom of
the Press in New Leaks Crackdown,” Newsweek, August 5, 2017,
http://www.newsweek.com/trump-administration-goes-after-press-
new-leaks-crackdown-646908 (accessed 10/18/17). - Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942).
- Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942).
8 7. New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964), cited in Abraham
and Perry, Freedom and the Court, p. 193. - Hustler v. Falwell, 485 U.S. 46 (1988).
8 9. Jeffrey Toobin, “Gawker’s Demise and the Trump-Era Threat
to the First Amendment,” New Yorker, December 19 and 26,
2016, http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/12/19/gawkers-
demise-and-the-trump-era-threat-to-the-first-amendment
(accessed 10/16/2017).
9 0. “Melania Trump and Daily Mail Settle Her Libel Suits,” New
York Times, April 12, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/12/
business/media/melania-trump-daily-mail-libel.html
(accessed 10/16/17).
9 1. Adam Liptak, “Can Trump Change Libel Laws?,” New York
Times, March 30, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/
us/politics/can-tr ump -change-libel-laws.html (accessed
10/16/17). - Valentine v. Chrestensen, 316 U.S. 52 (1942).
- Virginia State Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer
Council, Inc., 425 U.S. 748 (1976); City of Cincinnati v. Discovery
Network, Inc. et al., 507 U.S. 410 (1993). - Matal v. Tam, 582 U.S. (2017).
9 5. In 1996, Congress passed the Child Pornography
Prevention Act. This law makes the possession, production,
or distribution of child pornography a criminal offense
punishable with up to 15 years in jail and a fine. However,
two parts of the law were struck down by the Court for being
“overbroad and unconstitutional.” Ashcroft v. Free Speech
Coalition, 353 U.S. 234 (2002). - Jacobellis v. Ohio, 378 U.S. 184, 197 (1964).
9 7. Roth v. United States, 354 U.S. 476 (1957). - Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973).
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