A40 Endnotes1 8. Morris Fiorina, Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment,
rev. ed. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989).
1 9. Steve Peoples and Ken Thomas, “Not All GOP Candidates Want
Trump to Stump, Associated Press, May 19, 2018, http://www.yahoo.
com/news/trump-plans-aggressive-role-midterms-welcome-
04 4 428991--politics.html (accessed 6/7/18).
2 0. The language used by the Court in 1960 was “one-man, one-
vote.” The Court ruled in Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962),
that state legislative districts that were unequal in population
violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment. Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964), applied the
same principle to U.S. House districts.- Davis v. Bandemer, 478 U.S. 109 (1986); Vieth v. Jubelirer, 541
U.S. 267 (2004); League of United Latin American Citizens v.
Perry, 548 U.S. 399 (2006). - Beverly R. Gill, et al. v. William Whitford, et al., 585 U.S.
(2018); Benisek v. Lamone, 585 U.S. (2018). - Shelby County v. Holder, 570 U.S. (2013).
2 4. See Kenneth R. Mayer and David T. Canon, The Dysfunctional
Congress: The Individual Roots of an Institutional Dilemma, 2nd
ed. (New York: Columbia University Press, forthcoming), for an
extended discussion of this argument.
2 5. Richard F. Fenno, “If as Ralph Nader Says, Congress Is the
‘Broken Branch,’ How Come We Love Our Congressman
So Much?,” in Congress in Change: Evolution and Reform, ed.
Norman J. Ornstein (New York: Praeger, 1975), pp. 277–87.
2 6. Russell Berman, “A Major Infrastructure Bill Clears Congress,”
The Atlantic, December 4, 2015, http://www.theatlantic.com/
politics/archive/2015/12/a-major-infrastructure-bill-clears-
congress/418827 (accessed 3/19/16).
2 7. Leo Shane III, “2016 Defense Budget Deal Finally Nailed
Down by Congress,” Military Times, December 18, 2015, http://www.
militarytimes.com/story/military/capitol-hill/2015/12/18/
omnibus-passage-partisan-success/77569538 (accessed 3/19/16).
2 8. An important qualification to the norm was imposed by
Republicans in 1995 when they set a six-year term limit for
committee and subcommittee chairs. - 2 016 CQ Almanac, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly,
2017, B 6.
3 0. David W. Rohde, Parties and Leaders in the Post-reform House
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
3 1. David Rohde and John Aldrich, “The Transition to Republican
Rule in the House: Implications for Theories of Congressional
Politics,” Political Science Quarterly 112:4 (Winter 1997–1998):
5 4 1 – 67.
3 2. Nelson W. Polsby, Congress and the Presidency, 4th ed.
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1986), p. 111.
3 3. Paul Steinhauser, “Obama 2014 Campaign Role: Fundraiser-
in-Chief,” CNN Politics, March 20, 2014, http://politicalticker.
blogs.cnn.com/2014/03/20/obama-2014-campaign-role-
fundraiser-in-chief (accessed 4/16/14).
3 4. Kathryn Watson, “Trump Addresses Record-setting GOP
Fundraiser,” CBS News, March 20, 2018, http://www.cbsnews.com/
news/trump-addresses-one-of-the-biggest-gop-fundraisers-
of-the-year (accessed 6/7/18).
3 5. Cristina Marcos, “The Republicans Who Didn’t Vote for Ryan,”
The Hill, October 28–29, 2015, http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-
action/house/258542-the-republicans-who-didnt-vote-for-
r yan (accessed 3/19/16 ).
3 6. However, recent research shows that members of Congress
do not confine their credit claiming to legislative activity that
is rooted in committee work. See Justin Grimmer, Sean J.
Westwood, and Solomon Messing, The Impression of Influence:
Legislator Communication, Representation, and Democratic
Accountability (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014).
3 7. Keith Krehbiel, Information and Legislative Organization (Ann
Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992).
3 8. Richard F. Fenno, Congressmen in Committees (Boston: Little,
Brown, 1973).
3 9. Richard L. Hall, Participation in Congress (New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1996).
4 0. Lindsey McPherson, “House Rules Committee Adopts Closed
Rule for GOP Tax Bill,” Roll Call, November 15, 2017, http://www.
rollcall.com/news/policy/house-rules-approves-tax-bill-
republicans (accessed 2/20/18).
4 1. Barbara Sinclair, Unorthodox Lawmaking (Washington, DC:
CQ Press, 2000), p. xiv.
4 2. Edward Epstein, “Dusting Off Deliberation,” CQ Weekly, June
14, 2010, pp. 1434–42.
4 3. Jennifer Shutt, “Five Continuing Resolutions? Par for the
Course on Capitol Hill,” Roll Call, February 7, 2018, http://www.
rollcall.com/news/politics/five-continuing-resolutions-par-
for-the-course-on-capitol-hill (accessed 6/7/18).
4 4. USA Patriot Act, Hearing before the Subcommittee on the
Constitution, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Committee on
the Judiciary, House of Representatives, September 22, 2009,
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg52409/html/CHRG-
111hhrg52409.htm (accessed 6/7/18).
4 5. Mike DeBonis, Ed O’Keefe, and Erica Werner, “Here’s What
Congress is Stuffing into its $1.3 Trillion Spending Bill,”
Washington Post, March 22, 2018 http://www.washingtonpost.com/
news/powerpost/wp/2018/03/22/heres-what-congress-
is-stuffing-into-its-1-3-trillion-spending-bill/?utm_term=.
cae1f7d276e2 (accessed 6/7/18).
4 6. Congressional Record, 46th Congress, 2nd session, April 22,
1880, p. 2661.
4 7. Howard H. Baker Jr., “Leaders Lecture Series Address to
the Senate,” July 14, 1998, http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/
history/common/generic/Leaders_Lecture_Series_Baker.htm
(accessed 5/7/08).
4 8. Paul Kane, “Reid, Democrats Trigger ‘Nuclear’ Option;
Eliminate Most Filibusters on Nominees,” Washington Post,
November 21, 2013, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/
senate-poised-to-limit-filibusters-in-party-line-vote-that-
would-alter-centuries-of-precedent/2013/11/21/d065cfe8-
52b6-11e3-9fe0-fd2ca728e67c_story.html (accessed 6/6/14).
4 9. Matt Flegenheimer, “Senate Republicans Deploy ‘Nuclear
Option’ to Clear Path for Gorsuch,” New York Times, April
6, 2017, http://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/06/us/politics/neil-
gorsuch-supreme-court-senate.html (accessed 2/20/18).
5 0. Philip Rucker and Robert Costa, “McCarthy’s Comments on
Benghazi Probe May Be a Political Gift to Clinton,” Washington
Post, October 1, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/
mccarthys-comments-on-benghazi-probe-may-be-a-political-
gift-to-clinton/2015/10/01/6ceb6e88-6857-11e5-9233-
70cb36460919 _story.html (accessed 3/20/16). House Majority
Leader Kevin McCarthy told Fox News host Sean Hannity,
“Everybody thought Hillary Clinton was unbeatable, right?
But we put together a Benghazi special committee, a select
committee. What are her numbers today? Her numbers are
dropping. Why? Because she’s un-trustable. But no one would
have known any of that had happened had we not fought.”
5 1. Catherine Herridge, “Nunes Seeks Transcripts from Carter
Page FISA Warrant Hearing,” Fox News, February 9, 2018,
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/09/nunes-seeks-
transcripts-from-carter-page-fisa-warrant-hearing.html
(accessed 2/21/18).Full_20_APT_64431_END_A23-A54.indd 40 15/11/18 2:38 PM