A52 EndnotesR. May, The Making of the Monroe Doctrine (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1975). The latter stresses domestic
political considerations and argues that the Monroe Doctrine
was “actually the by-product of an election campaign.”- Daniel M. Smith, The Great Departure: The United States and
World War I, 1914–1920 (New York: Wiley, 1965). - Thomas J. Knock, To End All Wars: Woodrow Wilson and the
Quest for a New World Order (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1992). - Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the
Worl d (New York: Random House, 2001).
1 1. John M. Cooper, Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow
Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations (New York:
Cambridge University Press, 2001). - John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment (New York:
Oxford University Press, 2005). - Tony Smith, “Making the World Safe for Democracy in the
American Century,” Diplomatic History 23:2 (1999): 173–88. - Winston Churchill, “Sinews of Peace (Iron Curtain),”
Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, March 5, 1946,
International Churchill Society at https://winstonchurchill.
org/resources/speeches/1946-1963-elder-statesman/the-
sinews-of-peace/ (accessed 8/2/18). See also Klaus Larres,
Churchill’s Cold War: The Politics of Personal Diplomacy
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002). - George F. Kennan, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreig n
Affairs 25:4 (July 1947): 566–82. - Robert L. Beisner, Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War (New
York: Oxford University Press, 2006); Dean Acheson, Present at
the Creation (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969).
1 7. Michael J. Hogan, The Marshall Plan: America, Britain, and
the Reconstruction of Western Europe (New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1987). See also Martin Schain, ed., The
Marshall Plan: Fifty Years Later (New York: Palgrave, 2001). - Marc Trachtenberg, A Constructed Peace: The Making of the
European Settlement, 1945–1963 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1999). - The balance of military power between NATO and the Warsaw
Pact throughout the Cold War is traced in David Miller, The
Cold War: A Military History (New York: St. Martin’s Press,
1998). - Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973). For an
overview, see David P. Forsythe, “Human Rights in U.S.
Foreign Policy: Retrospect and Prospect,” Political Science
Quarterly 105:3 (Autumn 1990): 435–54.
2 1. Sergei N. Goncharov, John W. Lewis, and Xue Litai, Uncertain
Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War (Palo Alto, CA:
Stanford University Press, 1999). - James A. Bill, The Eagle and the Lion: The Tragedy of American–
Iranian Relations (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988). - Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy’s Wars: Berlin, Cuba, Laos, and
Vietnam (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002). - William J. Duiker, Sacred War: Nationalism and Revolution in a
Divided Vietnam (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995).
2 5. Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston: Little, Brown,
1982); Jussi Hanhimäki, The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger
and American Foreign Policy (New York: Oxford University
Press, 2004). - Raymond Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation: American–
Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan (Washington, DC:
Brookings Institution Press, 1994).
2 7. Bill, The Eagle and the Lion.
28. Odd Arne Westad, ed., The Fall of Détente: Soviet-American
Relations during the Carter Years (Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian
University Press, 1997).
29. Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation.
3 0. Philip Hanson, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Economy (London:
Longman, 2003).
31. Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man,
updated ed. (New York: Free Press, 2006).
32. For a summary of American human rights policy, see John W.
Dietrich, “U.S. Human Rights Policy in the Post–Cold War Era,”
Political Science Quarterly 121:2 (Summer 2006): 269–94.
33. Joseph Nye, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics
(New York: Hachette Book Group, 2009).
34. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the
Remaking of World Order (New York: Free Press, 2002).
35. Louis Fisher, Presidential War Power (Lawrence: University
Press of Kansas, 2004).
36. John Mueller and Mark G. Stewart, Chasing Ghosts: The Policing
of Terrorism (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
3 7. Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Imperial Presidency (Boston:
Houghton Mifflin, 1973).
38. Terry Moe and William Howell, “Unilateral Action and
Presidential Power: A Theory,” Presidential Studies Quarterly
29:4 (1999): 850–72.
39. David Hoffman and David B. Ottaway, “Panel Drops Covert-
Acts Notification; in Compromise, Bush Pledges to Inform Hill
in All but Rare Cases,” Washington Post, October 27, 1989, p. A1.
4 0. Dahlia Lithwick, “The Enemy Within,” Slate, June 12, 2008,
http://www.slate.com/id/2193468 (accessed 10/3/16).
4 1. Somini Sengupta, “As Musharraf ’s Woes Grow, Enter an Old
Rival, Again,” New York Times, April 6, 2007, p. A3; Leslie
Wayne, “Airbus Seeks a Welcome in Alabama,” New York Times,
June 19, 2007, p. C1.
4 2. Pew Research Center, “U.S. Public Seldom Has Welcomed
Refugees into Country,” November 19, 2015, http://www.
pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/u-s-public-seldom-
has-welcomed-refugees-into-country/ (accessed 5/13/16).
43. Kyle Dropp, Joshua D. Kerzer, and Thomas Zeitoff, “The
Less Americans Know about Ukraine’s Location, the More
They Want U.S. to Intervene,” Washington Post, http://www.
washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/04/07/
the-less-americans-know-about-ukraines-location-the-more-
they-want-u-s-to-intervene/ (accessed 5/5/14).
4 4. For details, see Becky Little, “Most Young Americans Can’t
Pass a Text on Global Affairs— Can You?,” National Geographic,
September 13, 2016, https://news.nationalgeographic.
com/2016/09/survey-geography-foreign-relations-
americans-students/ (accessed 6/19/2018).
45. Pew Research Center, “Public Opinion Six Months Later,”
March 7, 2002, http://www.people-press.org/2002/03/07/public-
opinion-six-months-later/ (accessed 8/3/18).
4 6. A directory of NGOs can be found at the Department of Public
Information site, Nongovernmental Organization Section,
http://www.un.org/dpi/ngosection/asp/form.asp (accessed 8/2/08).
4 7. See Amnesty International, “The Secretive and Illegal U.S.
Programme of Rendition,” April 5, 2 006, http://www.amnesty.org/
en/documents/amr51/056/2006/en/ (accessed 8/3/18).
4 8. United States International Trade Commission, Official
Harmonized Tariff Schedule 2 018, http://www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/
index.htm (accessed 6/1 4/18).
49. Colum Lynch, “U.N. Backs Broader Sanctions on Tehran;
Security Council Votes to Freeze Some Assets, Ban Arms
Exports,” Washington Post, March 25, 2007, p. A1.Full_20_APT_64431_END_A23-A54.indd 52 15/11/18 2:38 PM