Glossary/Index A87Maryland, 47, 63, 78, 172, 173, 390, 392
Maryland, Benton v., 113
Maryland, McCulloch v., 60, 63, 78, 78
Mason, George, 49, 106, 126
Massachusetts
at Constitutional Convention, 42, 48
health care in, 94, 96
marijuana in, 95
presidential campaign in (2016), 283
ratification of Constitution, 50
Shays’s Rebellion in, 35
slavery in, 47mass associations, 350–51 Interest groups
that have a large number of dues-
paying individuals as members.mass media, 234 Sources that provide
information to the average citizen,
such as newspapers, television
networks, radio stations, podcasts,
and websites. See also mediamass protests, grassroots lobbying in,
360, 360
mass shootings, 131, 368, 479
media coverage of, 250–51, 251mass surveys, 24–25, 59, 211–20 A way
to measure public opinion by inter-
viewing a relatively small sample of
a large population.
accuracy of, 217–18
media coverage of, 255
on midterm congressional elections
(2018), 334, 335, 335
on presidential candidates (2016), 332
reliability of, 212, 213, 217
sample in, 212, 213, 214
on terrorism concern, 647
timing of, 220
usefulness of, 218–20
wording of questions in, 212, 216, 216 –17material benefits, 354 Benefits that are
provided to individuals for joining
a group, such as a coffee mug or a
T-shirt, that are distinct from the
collective benefits provided by the
group.Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr.
Hate Crimes Prevention Act (2009),
185Mattis, James, 440, 628
Mayhew, David R., 383, 384
McCain, John, 280, 308, 309, 310, 396
McCain-Feingold Act, 321, 510
McCarthy, Joe, 119
McCarthy, Kevin, 402
McConnell, Mitch, 262, 264–65, 331,
394, 401, 407, 448, 448
McCulloch v. Maryland, 60, 63, 78, 78
McCutcheon v. Federal Election
Commission, 320, 321
McDaniel, Ronna, 447
McDonald v. Chicago, 113
McGowan, Rose, 180
McHenry, James, 49
McLean, Taryn, 186
McMasters, H. R., 628
Meadows, Mark, 19
means-tested programs, 576, 580, 604,
605, 606
Mearsheimer, John, 618
media, 232– 61
advertising in. See advertising
attack journalism in, 255
broadcast, 235–36
business of, 235, 254–57
critical analysis of, 24–26
equal time provision on, 236, 236
and fake news, 2–4, 25–26, 127, 234,
239, 239, 248
filtering of news in, 246–47, 250–51
foreign policy role of, 634
framing of news in, 250–51, 255
and free press, 2, 106, 110, 125–26,
129, 244
historical overview of, 234–36
in horse race elections, 255
influence on audience, 245–53
interest group coverage in, 363
Internet sources of political infor-
mation in, 234, 236–39, 238, 239
leaks of information in, 125, 243–45,
244
market forces on, 254–57
politician strategies on, 241–43
poll results reported in, 255
pressures and legal limits on, 243–45
priming of news in, 246–47
publishing process in, 246
regulation and deregulation of,
235–36
reliability of news in, 256, 258
role in democracy, 253social. See social media
as watchdog, 234–35media conglomerates, 236, 237 Compa-
nies that control a large number of
media sources across several types
of media outlets.media effects, 248 The influence of
media coverage on average citizens’
opinions and actions.Medicaid, 580, 598–600 An entitlement
program funded by the federal and
state governments that provides
health care coverage for low-income
Americans who would otherwise be
unable to afford health care.
and Affordable Care Act, 89, 93, 599,
602, 603
annual benefits in, 605
block grants in, 88
creation of, 578
federal funds in, 83, 86, 88, 89, 93
and fiscal federalism, 83, 86
interest group support of, 586
long-term challenges for, 599–600
participation in, 606
spending on, 591
state role in, 86, 89, 93, 585, 599,
602medical records, computerized, 602Medicare, 579, 598–600 The federal
health care plan created in 1965
that provides coverage for retired
Americans for hospital care (Part A),
medical care (Part B), and prescrip-
tion drugs (Part D).
creation of, 578
interest group support of, 586
long-term challenges for, 599–600,
609
number of recipients, 598
prescription drug benefits in, 365,
465, 578, 587, 599, 603
reform of, 610
spending on, 541, 553, 575, 591
tax revenue for, 556melting pot image, 17–18
mental impairment, death penalty in,
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