A104 Glossary/Indexstrict scrutiny, 118, 1 76 –7 7, 178, 179 The
highest level of scrutiny the courts
can use when determining whether
a law is constitutional. To meet this
standard, the law or policy must be
shown to serve a “compelling state
interest” or goal, it must be narrowly
tailored to achieve that goal, and it
must be the least restrictive means
of achieving that goal.strip searches, 133
Strong, Benjamin, 559
Student Aid Alliance, 350, 359
student loans, 340, 341, 342, 345, 350,
351, 370
direct lobbying on, 355
grassroots lobbying on, 360
groups working together on, 359
interest groups drafting legislation
on, 358
Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC), 168
subcommittees in Congress, 403, 405substantive due process doctrine,
182 One interpretation of the due
process clause of the Fourteenth
Amendment; in this view the
Supreme Court has the power to
overturn laws that infringe on
individual liberties.substantive representation, 380–81
Representation in which a member
of Congress serves constituents’
interests and shares their policy
concerns.suicide, 131
superdelegates, 304
Superior Court, Michael M. v., 179
Super PACs, 322, 361, 362, 363
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Program (SNAP), 578, 603–4, 605,
606
Supplemental Security Income, 580,
603, 604, 605, 606supply-side economics, 551 The theory
that lower tax rates will stimulate
the economy by encouraging people
to save, invest, and produce more
goods and services.Supreme Court, 488–94, 497–526
on abortion, 11, 141, 508, 513, 521, 522
access to, 505–10
on affirmative action, 189, 190, 191,
5 17, 5 2 2
on Affordable Care Act, 89, 511
building of, 492
on campaign financing, 320, 321, 325,
362, 510, 524
on capital punishment, 64–65, 140
on civil liberties, 104
on civil rights, 88, 172–82
on Clean Air Act, 457, 459
on Clean Power Plan, 457, 459
and color-blind jurisprudence,
174–76, 188, 189
compliance with decisions of, 521
constitutional interpretation by, 60,
490, 493, 500, 507, 515–17
criteria on cases, 508–9, 509
decision making in, 514–20
dissenting opinions in, 513–14, 514
exclusive powers of, 54
on executive privilege, 433, 437
on federalism, 78, 78–82, 91
on First Amendment, 515–16, 516
foreign policy role of, 631
Founders view of, 490, 491, 492
on Fourteenth Amendment, 109,
112, 493, 517
Garland nomination to, 55, 426, 503,
504, 518
Gorsuch appointment to, 23, 55, 411,
426, 501, 503, 504, 504, 518, 519,
522, 523
on Guantánamo Bay detention
center, 53
hearing cases before, 510–14
on immigration policies, 193
on implied powers, 63
independence of, 524
judicial review power of, 58, 491,
492–94, 521, 525
jurisdiction of, 507
Kavanaugh appointment to, 291,
334–35, 518, 519
legal factors influencing, 514,
515–17
on New Deal, 57, 61, 65, 494, 501,
520, 522
on “one-person, one-vote,” 390, 523
opinions written by, 512–14, 514
oral arguments heard by, 511, 511–12
and political conflicts, 10, 11political ideologies on, 488–90, 517,
518, 526
political influences on, 514–15, 517–20
and precedents, 496, 515
public knowledge of, 200
public opinion influencing, 519–20
on racial discrimination, 61, 172–76
on redistricting, 390, 391, 392, 393,
393, 508, 523
relationship with other branches, 57,
58, 521–26
on reserved powers, 45
restraint and activism of, 176, 519,
521–22, 523, 525–26
on same-sex marriage, 10, 75, 76,
158, 182, 499, 591
on school desegregation, 153, 154,
167, 168, 172–73, 520, 521
on school voucher programs, 608
on search and seizures, 107
selection of justices on, 500–503
Senate confirmation of nominations
to, 361, 411, 426, 502–3
on states’ rights, 90–93, 91
statutory interpretation by, 493–94
strategic model on, 517–19
on travel ban, 53, 445, 445, 490, 523,
524, 525, 627
types of decisions, 514
on voting rights, 511, 513
women on, 187, 380, 503
on women’s rights, 176–81
workload of, 505–6, 506
surveillance, 107, 133, 135–36, 143, 410
surveys on public opinion, 24–25, 59,
211–20
suspect classification in discrimination
cases, 176–77, 178, 181
Sutton, Betty, 391
Swers, Michele, 380
swing states, 305, 305
Switzerland, 8, 74symbolic speech, 120–21 Nonverbal
expression, such as the use of signs
or symbols. It benefits from many
of the same constitutional protec-
tions as verbal speech because of its
expressive value.Syria, 430, 619, 628
air strikes in, 428, 633, 642
chemical weapons in, 56, 428, 442,
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