Sources & Notes for Tables & FiguresNotes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. For additional controls
see notes for Table 11.1. Behavior: standardized mother- reported ex-
ternalizing SDQ at ages 16, 11, and 5. Bold: p < .10 (2- tailed).
Table 11.3. How children’s intellectual performance is affected by
mother’s work (ALSPAC)
Source: Online Full Table 11.3.
Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. For additional controls
see notes for Table 11.1. Intellectual: standardized GCSE points at
age 16; standardized Key Stage 2 points at age 11; and standardized
local school entry assessment at age 5. Bold: p < .10 (2- tailed).
Table 11.4. How children’s outcomes are affected by father’s unem-
ployment (0– 1) (ALSPAC)
Source: Online Full Table 11.4.
Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. For additional controls
see notes for Table 11.1. Emotional well- being: standardized self-
and mother- reported SMFQ at ages 16 and 11; and standardized
mother- reported internalizing SDQ at age 5. Behavior: standardized
mother- reported externalizing SDQ at ages 16, 11, and 5. Intellec-
tual: standardized GCSE points at age 16; standardized Key Stage 2
points at age 11; and standardized local school entry assessment at
age 5. Bold: p < .10 (2- tailed).
Table 12.1. How parents affect the emotional well- being of their
children (ALSPAC) (β- coefficients)
Source: Online Full Table 12.1.
Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. Controls for family income,
proportion of time mother worked in 1st year, proportion of time
mother worked thereafter (up to age shown), father’s unemployment,
family conflict, parental separation, parents’ education, mother’s age
at birth, parental marital status at birth, child’s gender, ethnicity,
birth order, number of siblings, birth weight, born prematurely, age
in months at testing, and primary and secondary school fixed ef-
fects. Emotional well- being: standardized self- and mother- reported
SMFQ at ages 16 and 11; standardized mother- reported internaliz-
ing SDQ at age 5. Bold: p < .10 (2- tailed).
Table 12.2. How parents affect the behavior of their children
(ALSPAC) (β- coefficients)
Source: Online Full Table 12.2.