Notes to Pages 117–125individuals, only 22% is across countries and 78% within countries
(Helliwell, Layard, and Sachs [2012], 12).
- World Values Survey.
- Knack (2001).
- Similar size effects are found in the World Values Survey and even
larger ones in the European Social Survey— see table 2 of Helliwell, Huang,
and Wang (2016). For the effect of unemployment, see our Chapter 3. - Summarized in Helliwell and Wang (2011).
- Helliwell (2007).
- Bartolini, Bilancini, and Sarracino (2016), Sarracino (2010).
- See Helliwell, Layard, and Sachs (2016), 16.
- See for example, T. Singer and Ricard (2016), Ricard (2015),
S. L. Brown et al. (2003), and Thoits and Hewitt (2001). - Meier and Stutzer (2008).
- Anik et al. (2010). See also Dunn, Aknin, and Norton (2008).
- Harbaugh, Mayr, and Burghart (2007). See also Zaki and Mitch-
ell (2011), who also show that inequitable behavior causes activity in
brain regions associated with subjective disutility. - Davidson and Begley (2012), 220– 23.
- Kahneman, Krueger, et al. (2004), table 1; Krueger, Kahneman,
Schkade, et al. (2009), chapter 2; and Bryson and MacKerron (2017). - For example, Putnam (2000) and Halpern (2004).
- Nguyen and Benet- Martínez (2012), Knight and Gunatilaka
(2010), Knight, Song, and Gunatilaka (2010), and Easterlin, Morgan,
Switek, and Wang (2012). For a different view of Chinese migration, see
Easterlin, Wang, and Wang (2017). - Stevenson and Wolfers (2008).
- P. Singer (1981), Pinker (2011).
- For an analysis of the importance of freedom, see Sen (1999).
- Clearly freedom to speak your mind and to participate in polit-
ical life spans this topic and the next. - Inglehart and Klingemann (2000).
- Helliwell, Grover, and Wang (2014).
- Helliwell, Grover, and Wang (2014), table 10, column (6).
- Helliwell, Grover, and Wang (2014).
- Layard, Mayraz, and Nickell (2010).
- Wilkinson and Pickett (2009). They do not examine the rela-
tionship between equality and life- satisfaction. - Stevenson and Wolfers (2010), Blanchflower and Oswald (2004),
Helliwell (2003), 351, and Clark and D’Ambrosio (2015). But for positive
results see Morawetz (1977) and Schwarze and Härpfer (2007).