Discover – September 2019

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Based on an 1818 painting that depicts John Adams,

Thomas Jefferson and Ben Franklin presenting a

draft of the Declaration of Independence

Own America’s unique $2 bill at face value in collector-preferred Crisp Uncirculated condition, which

beautifully depicts the famous painting Declaration of Independence! $2 notes are seldom seen, since they

make up less than 1% of all currency issued by the Federal Reserve. And if you’re lucky enough to fi nd

one in circulation, it won’t be in this condition!

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other fascinating selections from our Free Examination Coins-on-

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the coins – return balance in 15 days – with option to cancel at any time.

Get this seldom-seen $2 Note in

Crisp Uncirculated condition for $2!

These exciting $2 bills...

• Depict Thomas Jefferson, author of the

Declaration of Independence and 3rd

U.S. president, on both face and back

• Make up less than 1% of all

U.S. notes printed

• Are rarely found in circulation

Order this seldom-seen and historic note today!

Mail coupon now or go to http://www.LittletonCoin.com/specials

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Plus, get an Uncirculated

National Park Quarter when

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Order Deadline: 12:00 Midnight

October 31, 2019

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1 $2 Note (limit 1) $2.

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Special Offer for New Customers Only

Please send my seldom-seen $2 bill in

Crisp Uncirculated condition for the special price of

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FREE! (Limit one per customer, please).

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SA

V

E!

• 
  

NASA

Explor

es Io

I

n 1977 , NASA launc

hed two of the most

important spacecraft in

the history of

human spaceflight — Voyage

r 1 and

Voy

ager 2. This iconic pair of prob

es

ventured

deep into the outer solar sys-

tem to study a slew

of planets and moons,

including Jupiter’s inne

rmost Galilean

moon, Io. Although Voyage

r 1 launched

m

ore than a month after Voyage

r 2 , its flight

path se

nt it past Jupiter first, and it re

ached

the gas gian

t in January 1979. For the next

four months, Vo

yager 1 studied Jupiter and

its moons, capturing

many high-resolution

images of Io’s young and p

itted surface.

While monitoring Io, Voyager

1 even spotted

the fi

rst evidence of an active volcan

ic erup-

tion on a w

orld other than Earth.

Voyager 2 b

egan its investigation of the

jovian system in Jul

y 1979. As the second

Voyager studied Io, it cap

tured additional

imagery and data that showed

the moon’s

surf

ace noticeably changed over th

e course of

just four

short months, likely due to new

material bein

g deposited after volcanic erup-

tions. As Voyager

2 departed Jupiter, it looked

back at a crescent view

of Io, which allowed it

to study the volcanic plumes

bursting from

th

e world’s surface. Of the nine p

lumes ini-

tially d

iscovered by Voyager 1 , Voyage

r 2 con-

firmed seve

n were still active as it departed

the sy

stem. The volcano Pele, howev

er, appar-

ently had s

hut down between the two flyb

ys.

On October

18 , 1989 , about a decade after

the Voyagers’ succe

ssful tour of Jupiter and

its moons, NASA launch

ed the Galileo

spacecraft. Unlike Voyager 1

and 2 , Galileo

was

not slated for a simple flyby of

Jupiter, it

was inten

ded to orbit the planet. Thank

s to

gravitational

assists from both Venus and

Earth, the Galileo

spacecraft finally entered

orbit around Jupiter in

December 1995 ,

becoming the first spacecra

ft to circle the

m

assive gas giant. Over the cour

se of the

next ei

ght years, Galileo carried out 3

5 orbits

around Jupiter, pr

oviding a wealth of infor-

mation on the planet a

nd its moons, and

forever changing how we v

iew the system.

The main scientific goals of t

he Galileo

missio

n included analyzing Jupiter’s

atmo-

sphere, inv

estigating the planet’s cloud pa

r-

ticles and layers

, examining how Jupiter

radiates heat, studyin

g jovian lightning, and,

of course, probing the pla

net’s moons.

Notably, Galileo measured Io’s

gravitational

field

, finding that the moon has a la

rge iron

core com

parable to the terrestrial planet

s of

the inner solar

system. Furthermore, Galileo

data and high-resol

ution images confirmed

that Io’s intense volcanic

activity (which may

be as much as 100 times grea

ter than that

see

n on Earth) is responsible for q

uickly and

repeated

ly resurfacing the moon.

By the ear

ly 2000 s, the Galileo spacecraf

t

was showing sign

s of wear and tear, and

more importantly, it w

as running danger-

ously low on fuel. Since the

craft was not

st

erilized, and therefore could h

ave theoreti-

cally h

arbored bacteria, scientists cho

se to

destroy the

probe by crashing it into Jupit

er

itself. After near

ly eight years studying the

solar system’s most m

assive and influential

planet, Galileo ended its m

ission by plunging

into Jupiter at 73 , 700 miles ( 10

8 , 000 km) per

hour

on September 21 , 2003.

A volcanic eruption b

ursts from the surface of Jupiter’s

moon ,Io.T h innemrost

anks to its position between the gr

si uJ avitaitona lgoilatht hat

piter and the planet’s many moons,

Io is constantly flexing, which

generates frictions and intense

heat. This cosmic tug-of-war makes

the most volcanicalyl ac Io

tive world in our solar system.

Io’s surface

is pockmarked with large dark spo

that ts

formed from collapsed volcanoes

, as seen in

this image taken by the Voyag

er 1 spacecraft.

Order now!

MyScienceShop.com/ShopIo

IO

GLOBE

LIMITED

QUANTITIES!

Astronomy Magazine Exclusive

Explore Io, Jupiter’s

volcanic moon, captured

in this gorgeous 12"

desktop globe — available

only from Astronomy

magazine and

My Science Shop.

DETAILED IMAGES

from the Voyager 1, Voyager 2, and

Galileo spacecraft.

223 FEATURES

identifi ed and labeled.

CUSTOM-PRODUCED

injection-molded globe with a single

seam and clear acrylic base.

INCLUDES

an informational fl yer about the

moon, the images, and the globe’s

production.

Sales tax where applicable.

P

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Item #81218 • $99.