178 Notes
which consisted of more than 2 million square kilometers, for approximately $15
million; on April 19, 1867, the United States purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2
million.
CHAPTER 2
- Ecclesiastes 1:9.
- Reuben Ablowitz, “The Theory of Emergence,” Philosophy of Science, Vol. 6,
No. 1 (January 1939), pp. 1–16, at p. 1. - To paraphrase the expression large history, which David Landes coined, an
expression that relates to studies that review long periods over history (Paul M.
Kennedy, “Mission Impossible?” New York Review of Books, Vol. LI, No. 10 (June 10,
2004), 16–19, at p. 19b), the current study develops a large theory. This is because
the international relations theory of war is attempting to provide tools for under-
standing and analyzing international processes and outcomes over a long period,
1816–2016. - Robert O. Keohane, “Institutionalist Theory and the Realist Challenge
after the Cold War,” in David A. Baldwin, ed., Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The
Contemporary Debate (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993), chapter 11,
pp. 269–300. - Anarchy, its importance, meaning, and consequences for international poli-
tics, were first discussed by Lowes G. Dickinson, The European Anarchy (New York:
The Macmillan Company, 1916). - Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (New
York: Columbia University Press, 2002); Robert Jervis, “Cooperation under the
Security Dilemma,” World Politics, Vol. 30, No. 2 (January 1978), pp. 167–214; Keo-
hane, After Hegemony; Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics; Helen Mil-
ner, “The Assumption of Anarchy in International Relations Theory: A Critique,”
Review of International Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1 (January 1991), pp. 67–85; Waltz, Theory
of International Politics; “Cooperation under Anarchy” special Volume of World Pol-
itics, Vol. 38, No. 1 (October 1985), edited by Oye. - Bull, The Anarchical Society, pp. 24–25.
- Waltz, Theory of International Politics.
- Robert W. Tucker, The Inequality of Nations (New York: Basic Books, 1977), p. 3.
- Bull, The Anarchical Society, p. 42.
- Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, p. 3; Milner, “The Assump-
tion of Anarchy in International Relations Theory,” pp. 69–70. - Robert Powell, “Anarchy in International Relations Theory: The Neorealist-
Neoliberal Debate,” International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Spring 1994),
pp. 313–344, at pp. 330–331. - Waltz, Theory of International Politics; Mearsheimer, The Tragedy of Great
Power Politics; Martin Wight, Power Politics (London: Harmondsworth, 1978); Fred-
erick S. Dunn, “The Scope of International Relations,” World Politics, Vol. 1, No. 1
(October 1948), pp. 142–146. - Waltz, Theory of International Politics, pp. 103–104.
- Wight, Power Politics, p. 102.
- Kenneth A. Oye, “Explaining Cooperation under Anarchy: Hypotheses
and Strategies,” World Politics, Vol. 38, No. 1 (October 1985), pp. 1–24, at pp. 1–2.