148 Małgorzata Krzek
arranged variables consisting of a number of sub-variables allows us to capture dif-
ferences between them. As shown by the sentences in (26) above, the pronoun in the
SIĘ construction can be interpreted as either inclusive or exclusive. For it to be inter-
preted as inclusive, the [speaker] and the [hearer] features must be bound by ΛA and
ΛP, which are located in the CP. If, on the other hand, the pronoun is interpreted as
exclusive, the same features will not be bound and therefore will not be present in
the feature geometry. In this respect, although this null impersonal pronoun triggers
3rd person singular marking on the verb, it is different from a 3rd person pronoun in
which the subfeatures of the [participant] node are not bound at all, and as a result, is
removed from the feature geometry.
The sub-features of the pronoun of the –NO/–TO construction, on the other
hand, are not all valued in the Narrow Syntax. Because the null pronoun in this con-
struction can only be interpreted as exclusive and masculine, it is postulated that the
[participant] node in the feature geometry in (25) is not projected at all and that the
pronoun comes from the Lexicon with the [masculine] and [group] features present.
The subfeature [non-specific] is then further specified as either generic or arbitrary in
the course of narrow syntactic derivation. In this respect, it can be said that it is slightly
similar to 3rd person pronouns, in which the features [speaker] and [hearer] are either
valued negatively or not bound at all (see Beneveniste 1966). The only sub-feature of
this pronoun that is valued in the Narrow Syntax is the feature [non-specific].3.4 Some consequences and predictions for the theory of pronouns
In this section I will depart briefly from the topic of this paper and discuss some pos-
sible consequences and predictions following from the assumptions made above.
First of all, this account argues that most pronouns^21 enter the derivation as bun-
dles of unvalued features and their final shape, namely whether they are interpreted
as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person pronouns, depends on the speech features and A-topics
they are bound by. Speech features and elements functioning as A-topics are similar
in the sense that they are both indexical (Fillmore 1971; Kaplan 1989) and therefore
always definite (Lyons 1999). Therefore, a pronoun that they bind/assign value to will
always be definite as well. Following Cardinaletti (1993) and Progovac (1998), I will
assume that pronouns are generated in N and merged as complements of D, the head
of the determiner phrase. I take it that D enters the derivation with a referential index,
dubbed [iR] which, as a result, will be associated with referentiality (understood here
as identifiability and/or familiarity). [iR] on D will need to be bound by an element
that is referential, that is either by speech features or by an A-topic. Pronouns do not- The pronoun in the –NO/–TO construction enters the derivation with most of its fea-
tures specified.