‘Locative’ -e 287
(18) Buku-na e-bagi guru-na ka red-mored.
book-DEF OV-give teacher-DEF to RED-student
‘The book was given by the teacher to the students.’
(19) *Red-mored e-bagi buku bi' guru-na.
RED-student OV-give book by teacher-DEF
(The students were given a book by the teacher.)
The locative suffix is incompatible with bagi and thus the recipient cannot be a
bare NP object, and it is incompatible with berri', but here the recipient can be a
bare NP object without the suffix. Thus the sentence in (20a) is ungrammatical,
but the sentence in (20b) is acceptable.
(20) a. *Guru-na magi'-i red-mored buku.
teacher-DEF AV.give-LOC RED-student book
(The teacher gave the students a book.)
b. Guru-na a-berri' red-mored buku.
teacher-DEF AV-give RED-student book
‘The teacher gave the students a book.’
It is interesting to note that the verb ‘give’ behaves exceptionally in all of
the closely related Indonesian-type languages. In Indonesian, the verb beri
‘give’ takes no suffix in the object voice when the recipient is the subject (22),
and it takes the -kan suffix (cognate with -agi) when the theme is the object
voice subject (23).^1
(^1) Sundanese shows the same fact pattern as Indonesian. In (ib), where the goal is the
subject, the verb takes no suffix but has the same stem form as the active (ia), and in
(ic) where the theme is the subject, the verb takes the suffix -keun.
(i) a. Guru méré buku ka palajar-palajar. Sundanese
teacher AV.give book to RED-student
‘The teacher gave a book to the students.’
b. Palajar-palajar di-béré buku ku guru. Sundanese
RED-student PASS-give book by teacher
‘The students were given a book by the teacher.’
c. Buku éta téh di-béré-keun ka palajar-palajar ku guru. Sundanese
book that EMPH PASS-give -KEUN to RED-student by teacher
‘The book was given by the teacher to the students.’
I am indebted to Rina Anggriani for these sentences.