Coordination 337
The situation in (9) points to the fact that meanings in Madurese declara-
tive clauses are not absolute but defeasible. That is, the fact that a speaker utters
a particular declarative sentence does not commit that speaker to the truth of the
statement. This becomes more obvious in the sentences in (10) and (11).
(10) Polisi nangkep maleng tape ta' kenneng.
police AV.catch thief but not get
‘The police caught the thief, but didn't catch him.’
(11) Mored-da a-tanya ka guru tape ta' bisa.
student-DEF AV-ask to teacher but not can
‘The students asked the teacher but couldn’t ask.’
The implication in (10) is that the police made an attempt to catch the thief and
almost had him, but in the end the thief got away. In (11), the student was un-
successful in getting the question asked despite making an attempt. Thus, the
assertion of the declarative sentence in the first conjuncts in (9-11) is cancelled
by the negative assertion in the second conjunct.
To explicitly indicate temporally related clauses, pas ‘then’, laju ‘next’,
or terros ‘continue’ can be used to coordinate two clauses. These are illustrated
in (12-14).
(12) Koceng-nga ngkan juko', pas a-jilat badhan-na.
cat-DEF AV.eat fish then AV-lick body-DEF
‘The cat ate the fish and then washed itself.’
(13) E-jaza’ sodagar dhari Makassar jareya bi’ keyae, laju mangkat pole
OV-pray trader from Makassar this by kiai then leave again
nojju dha’ Palembang.
toward to Palembang
‘The kiai prayed for the Makassar trader, then they left for Palembang.’
(14) Hasan nambu' bato ka burus, terros buru.
Hasan AV.throw rock to dog continue run.away
‘Hasan threw a rock at the dog and then ran away.’
Finally, to show simultaneity of two events, the conjunction sambi can be
used.
(15) Ale' a-rakora sambi ngejung.
yngr.sibling AV-wash.dishes while AV.sing
‘Little Sister washed dishes and sang.’