A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

(Jeff_L) #1

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(938) i-ss-astaen-\t 'as-naes-bahu
3MaSgS-Caus-ask.PerfP-\3MaSgO Sg-Agent-lying
[ml-\s kaela i-sla
[who?-\Instr Past 3MaSgS-hear.PerfP
ae-hdbs] 0-ordw-aen
Sg-man] 3MaSgS-give.birth.Reslt-Partpl.MaSg
'The lying man asked him, "who ever heard (of) a man who had given
birth?'"
['who?' as subject §12.3.2, cliticized As in extraction contexts before
Past kceld indefinite subject relative, no participle in subject relative
with kceld §8.5.6.3]


(939) [0-aezewasb-\a-s Vmaknud]
[3MaSgS-reply.PerfP-\Dat-3Sg Sg-midget]
hün [kaeyy anta],
as.for [2MaSg 3Sg],
im-\s kaeld [i-sla
who?-\Instr Past [3MaSgS-hear.PerfP
e-baeraew] i-zzaj-aen
Sg-bull] 3MaSgS-be.milked.Reslt-Partpl.MaSg
'The midget answered him, "well, what about you?; who ever heard
(of) a bull that had been milked?'"
[hün 'than' in adversative sense; indefinite subject relative §12.1.1]


(940) 1-lmaed as-hdbs [w-ά η ae-naes-bahu]
3MaSgS-know.PerfP Sg-man [Ma-Dem.Sg Poss Sg-Agent-lying]
s α-msknud i [wasr-\t-\add
that Sg-midget Prox [Neg-\3MaSgO-\Centrip
i-kka] [ad haeraet]
3MaSgS-go.to.PerfN] [Comit thing]
'The lying man understood (=realized) that the midget was not going
to him with anything (=was not doing anything for him).'
['that' complement, 'go to X with thing' = 'do something for X']


(941) aezzaeman dl e-baegg a-\s
era NearDist Sg-jackal Fox-Mnstr
ae-maenokal w-a 1-ssasm-aen
Sg-chief Ma-Dem.Sg 3MaSgS-be.big.PerfP-Partpl.MaSg
'In that era, it was Jackal who was the big chief.'
[nonverbal predicate without overt copula verb §9.2, ά-s with
focalization of copula subject §12.2.6; adjectival subject relative
participle §8.5.7]

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