never
inadvertently
drawattentiontothebothersomeinsectthatwill
go
away
ordieonitsown.If
you
wastetimeand
energy
insuch
entangle
ments,
itis
your
own
fault.Learn
to
play
the
card
ofdisdain
andturn
your
backonwhatcannotharm
you
in
the
long
run.
jusi
thinkwitcast
your
government
$130
millionto
try
to
get
me.Itookthem
over
rough,hillycountry.Szrmetmwrforfifty
milesatastretch
they
hadnowater:
They
had
nothing
butthesunand
mosquitoes.
..And
nothing
was
gainerl.
Ikmcfw
Villa,
1878-1923
OBSERVANCEOFTHE
LAW
Inthe
year
1527,
KingHenry
VIII
of
England
decidedhehadtofind
a
way
to
get
ridofhis
wife,
Catherineof
Aragon.
Catherinehadfailedto
pro-
ducea
son,
amaleheirwhowouldensurethecontinuanceofhis
dynasty,
and
Henrythought
heknew
why:
HehadreadintheBiblethe
passage,
“And
ifamanshalltakehisbrother’s
wife,
itis
anunclean
thing:
hehath
uncoveredhisbrother‘s
nakedness;
they
shallbechildless.”Before
marry
ing
Henry,
Catherinehadmarriedhisolderbrother
Arthur,
butArthur
haddiedfivemonthslater.
Henry
hadwaitedan
appropriate
time,
then
hadmarriedhis
brother’s
widow.
Catherinewasthe
daughter
of
King
Ferdinandand
Queen
Isabellaof
Spain,
and
by
marrying
her
Henry
had
kept
aliveavaluablealliance.
Now,
however,
Catherinehadtoassurehimthatherbrief
marriage
withArthur
hadneverbeenconsummated.Otherwise
Henry
wouldviewtheirrela-
tionship
asincestuousandtheir
marriage
as
nulland
void.Catherinein-
sistedthatshehadremaineda
virginthrough
her
marriage
to
Arthur,
and
Pope
Clement
VII
supported
her
bygiving
his
blessing
tothe
union,
which
hecouldnothavedonehadheconsidereditincestuous.Yetafter
years
of
marriage
to
Henry,
Catherinehadfailedto
produce
a
son,
andinthe
early
1520sshehadentered
menopause.
Tothe
king
thiscould
only
mean
one
thing:
Shehadliedabouther
virginity,
theirunionwas
incesmous,
and
Godhad
punished
them.
Therewasanotherreason
why
Henry
wantedto
get
ridofCatherine:
Hehadfalleninlovewitha
younger
woman,
Anne
Boleyn.
Not
only
was
heinlovewith
her,
butifhe
married
herhecouldstill
hope
tosirea
legiti-
mateson.The
marriage
toCatherinehadtobeannulled.For
this,
how-
ever,
Henry
hadto
apply
totheVatican.But
Pope
Clementwouldnever
annulthe
marriage,
By
thesummerof
1527,
rumors
spreadthroughoutEurope
that
Henry
was
about to
attempt
the
impossible-—to
annul his
marriage against
Clement’s
wishes.Catherine
would
never
abdicate,
let
alone
voluntarily
entera
nunnery,
as
Henry
had
urged
her.But
Henry
hadhisown
strategy:
He
stoppedsleeping
inthesamebedwith
Catherine,
sinceheconsidered
herhis
sister~in-law,
nothislawfulwife.Heinsistedon
calling
herPrincess
thedaiswlzexrethe
C/tie]
wasSeatedand
hay
tltere,chewing
itscud.
Ewrrylzne
Wm‘surethat
thiswassome
grave
portem,
and
urged
that
theoxbesenttoa
yin-
yrmg
(liviner.
Iloweyer,
the
prime
minister.
the
fatherofrlxe
minister
of
the
right,
said,“Anox
hasnodr‘_scrimr'uariorz.
Ithm
leg.r—-(here
is
nowhere
itwon
'1
go.
it
does
notmakesenorIn
deprive
rm
unrlsrpuirl
a ma!
afthe
wretched
(1.:he
needsinorderI!)
attendcourt.
"
He
returnedthewetoits
owner
and
changed
the
matting
onwhichithad
Iain.N0untoward
event
ofany
kind
occurrarl
afterward.
'1‘hey.my
that
ifyou
see
a
prodigy
anddonot
nearitas
such,itschar-
acterasa
prodigy
is
iiertroyed.
ESSAYS
IN
nn.i~m«:ssx
Kenko.
JAPAN,
mum:-zrwmcamunv
LAW 36 303