IBSE Final

69

2. Bagaimanakah data boleh dijadikan bukti untuk menyokong kesimpulan yang dibuat?
   Cadangan jawapan: Raw data as such have little meaning. Data must be organized and
   interpreted through tabulating, graphing, or statistical analysis. Such analysis can
   bring out the meaning of data—and their relevance—so that they may be used as
   evidence. Data are not evidence until used in the process of supporting a claim.


3. Apakah pendapat anda mengenai penggunakan ‘fair tests’ dalam menjalankan
   eksperimen?


4. Apakah pendapat anda tentang amalan-amalan sains selain eksperimen yang sering
   diabaikan seperti yang dihuraikan dalam petikan di bawah:

The idea of science as a set of practices has emerged from the work of historians,

philosophers, psychologists, and sociologists over the past 60 years. This work

illuminates how science is actually done, both in the short term (e.g., studies of activity

in a particular laboratory or program) and historically (studies of laboratory notebooks,

published texts, eyewitness accounts). Seeing science as a set of practices shows that

theory development, reasoning, and testing are components of a larger ensemble of

activities that includes networks of participants and institutions, specialized ways of

talking and writing, the development of models to represent systems or phenomena, the

making of predictive inferences, construction of appropriate instrumentation, and

testing of hypotheses by experiment or observation.

Our view is that this perspective is an improvement over previous approaches in several

ways. First, it minimizes the tendency to reduce scientific practice to a single set of

procedures, such as identifying and controlling variables, classifying entities, and

identifying sources of error. This tendency overemphasizes experimental investigation

at the expense of other practices, such as modeling, critique, and communication. In

addition, when such procedures are taught in isolation from science content, they

become the aims of instruction in and of themselves rather than a means of developing

a deeper understanding of the concepts and purposes of science. (NRC, 2012, p.43)

Lampiran

Lampiran S6-1: Kerangka inkuiri sains oleh La Main à la pâte
Lampiran S6-2: Contoh bahan bantu mengajar: A framework for carrying out a science
investigation

Panduan untuk fasilitator

Aktiviti 1
Cadangan pemboleh ubah yang boleh dimanipulasikan

1. Jisim bandul


2. Panjang tali


3. Ketebalan tali


4. Jenis talil


5. Sudut ayunan


6. Kekuatan daya yang dikenakan