IBSE Final

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Activity 1: Doing Science

Note:

The probe is designed to find out if students recognize that scientists investigate the natural

world in a variety of ways depending on the question they pose and that there is no fixed

sequence of steps called the “scientific method” that all scientists use and follow rigidly.

The best answer is Marcos’s: I think scientists use different methods depending on their

question.

Not all scientific investigations involve experiments. An experiment is a type of investigation

that involves testing cause-and-effect relationships between variables—manipulated

(independent) and responding (dependent). Astronomy, field studies in nature, and paleontology

are some of the examples of areas of science in which it would be difficult or unfeasible to

manipulate and control experimental conditions. In these types of investigations, scientists rely

on a wide range of naturally occurring observations to make inferences about organisms, objects,

events, or processes.

Activity 2: Tricky Tracks

Observations are descriptive statements about natural phenomena that are “directly” accessible

to the senses (or extensions of the senses) and about which several observers can reach

consensus with relative ease (e.g., descriptions of the morphology of the remnants of a once

living organism). Inferences, on the other hand, go beyond the senses (Lederman, 2007).

Nature of Science

Harlen (2015) and NGSS Lead States (2013) recommends that students should understand the

following big ideas about science related to NOS:

1. Science is a way of knowing
   
   
   • Science is a way of knowing used by many people, not just scientists.
     o Everyone can ask questions about things in the natural world and can do something
     to find answers that help explain what is happening.
   
   
   • Science is both a body of knowledge that represents a current understanding of natural
     systems and the processes used to refine, elaborate, revise, and extend this knowledge.
   
   
   
   


2. Science is about finding the cause or causes of phenomena in the natural world
   
   
   • The goal of science is to construct explanations for the causes of phenomena.
   
   
   • Scientific knowledge assumes an order and consistency in natural systems
     o Science assumes that objects and events in natural systems occur in consistent
     patterns that are understandable through measurement and observation.