IBSE Final

Needham’s Five Phase Constructivist Model (1987)

Jadual 2 menerangkan Needham’s Five Phase Constructivist Model (1987). Ia merupakan model instruksi yang memberi fokus kepada teori
pembelajaran konstruktivisme.

Jadual 2: Needham’s five phase constructivist model (1987)

Phase Purpose

Method Examples of Activities

Phase 1:

Orientation

To gain pupils’ attention, to motivate learning

Arouse interest and set the scene

Practical activities, real problems to

solve, teacher demonstrations, film

clips, videos, newspaper cuttings

Present a problem or event

with conflicting ideas

Phase 2:

Generating/

Elicitation of Ideas

To identify pupils’ previous ideas

To enable pupils and teachers to become aware of prior ideas

Practical activities/small group

discussion followed by feedback

and report

Concept mapping, Q and A

to encourage thinking

Phase 3:

Reconstructing of

Ideas

To expand or modify previous idea through investigation,

exploration

To create an awareness of an alternative viewpoint

Hands-on and minds-on,

activities that require science

skills, group communication

i. Clarification and exchange

Recognize alternative ideas and critically examine own

Small group discussion and

reporting back

ii. Exposure to conflict situations

Test validity of existing ideas

Teacher demonstration, perform

personal experiments, worksheets

iii. Construction of new ideas

Modify, extend or replace existing ideas

Discussion, reading, teacher input

iv. Evaluation

Test validity of newly constructed ideas

Practical work, project work,

experimentation, teacher

demonstration