350
quantum entanglement 314, 317
quantum field theories 234, 247, 272, 313
quantum mechanics 123, 162, 164, 202,
205, 212, 226–35, 247, 256, 262,
269, 272, 273, 284–85, 292, 299,
314, 317
quantum theory 86, 185, 202, 203, 212,
216, 218, 228, 246–47, 284, 285, 317
quantum tunneling 232, 234, 235
quantum wave function 213, 232
quarks 292, 293, 302–07, 311
qubits 269, 317
Queloz, Didier 327
R
radiation 109, 190–95, 202–05, 208–09,
216–17, 229, 233, 242, 244, 245,
251, 269, 270, 292, 314
radio telescopes 244, 245
radio waves 182, 185, 251
radioactive decay 194, 231, 233, 247, 292
radioactivity 201, 210
radiometric dating 98, 100–01, 194–95
radium 109, 193, 195, 209, 211
Ramsay, William 179
Rankine, William 138
Ray, John 33, 60–61, 74
Rayleigh, Lord 204, 205
Reclus, Élisée 222
Redi, Francesco 53, 156, 157–58
redshift 127, 240, 241, 242, 327
reflection 51, 110, 137
refraction 28, 29, 50, 51, 86, 110, 136, 189
Rehn, Karl 140
relativity 15, 69, 88–9, 185, 200, 216,
217–21, 242–3, 246, 247, 269, 313
reproduction 53, 60–61, 73, 74–75, 104,
118, 144, 156–59, 283, 318
and inheritance 168–71, 224, 225, 271
respiration 83, 85, 315
Rheticus, Georg Joachim 38
Richardson, Lewis Fry 316
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm 120
rockets 65, 220
rocks 33, 55, 98–101, 103, 115, 128–29, 189
Roijen, Willebrord van 29
Rømer, Ole 32–33, 58–59, 127, 136
Röntgen, Wilhelm 108, 109, 186–87, 192
Rosen, Nathan 317
Rosenblatt, Frank 288
Rovelli, Carlo 310, 313
Rubin, Vera 251
Rutherford, Ernest 12, 13, 98, 100, 192,
193, 194, 201, 206–13, 264, 304S
Salam, Abdus 293, 298
salinity 315
salts 108, 119, 124, 258–59, 274
Samuel, Arthur 288
Sanger, Frederick 278, 338
Saros cycle 20
satellites 67, 155, 327
Saturn 36, 51, 87
Scheele, Carl-Wilhelm 78, 82, 83, 84
Schrödinger, Erwin 200–01, 202,
226–33, 234, 246, 247, 256, 284, 285
Schuckert, Sigmund 121
Schwarzschild, Karl 88, 89
Schwinger, Julian 246, 272, 273
scientific method 12–13, 32, 45
Scott, Dave 42, 66
sedimentary rocks 99, 100
seismic waves (seismology) 188–89
Sénébier, Jean 85
sex cells 171, 283
sex chromosomes 224, 225
sexual reproduction 73, 168, 170, 271
Shapley, Harlow 240
shellac 140, 141
Shen Kuo 26, 27
shipping forecasts 155
Shor, Peter 317
sigma bonds 257, 258
Simon, Eduard 140
Slipher, Vesto 240, 241, 242
Smalley, Richard 320, 321
Smith, Adam 101
Smith, William 55, 115 , 118
Smolin, Lee 310, 313
Snider-Pellegrini, Antonio 222
Soddy, Frederick 210
sodium chloride 258–59
Solander, Daniel 75
Sommerfeld, Arnold 256
sound waves 127
space-time 15, 64, 88–89, 200, 201,
214, 220, 221, 313
Spalding, Douglas 249
Spallanzani, Lazzaro 156, 158, 159special relativity 20, 200, 217–19, 221, 246
species 33, 60–61, 72, 74–75, 116
evolution of 23, 60, 75, 118, 142–49,
172–73
gene transfer between 268, 269,
318–19
spectroscopy 238
spin 231, 246, 284, 310, 311, 317
spiral nebulae/galaxies 238–41, 242
spontaneous generation 53, 109, 156,
157, 159
spontaneous symmetry breaking 299
Sprengel, Christian 73, 104
Stahl, Georg 84
standard model 269, 304, 306, 307
Stanley, Wendell 196
stars 15, 18, 26, 27, 36, 39, 40, 89, 127, 221,
238–41, 247, 248, 250–51, 270, 327
steam engines 18, 77
Steinhardt, Paul 313
stellar nucleosynthesis 244
Steno, Nicolas 32, 55 , 115
Stevin, Simon 42
Stewart, F. C. 326
storms 153, 154, 155
Strassmann, Fritz 208, 262–63
stratigraphy 33, 55, 96–101, 115, 116, 118
string theory 269, 293, 310, 311, 312, 313
strong nuclear force 269, 292, 293, 299,
306, 307, 310–12
Sturtevant, Alfred 224
subatomic particles 111, 112, 193, 208,
228, 229, 230, 234, 269, 284, 292,
304, 305, 307, 310, 314, 317
Suess, Eduard 222, 223
al-Sufi, Abd al-Rahman 19
Sun 26–27, 64, 66, 68–69, 220
as black body object 203, 204
distance from Earth 22, 52, 103
eclipses 18, 20, 221
fusion reaction 194, 270, 292
planetary motion 14, 32, 34–41, 43, 52
superforce 293
supernovae 13, 19, 40–41, 248, 251,
270, 304
superpositions 233, 284, 285, 317
superstring theory 310, 312
Sutton, Walter 225, 271, 279, 324
Sverdrup, Harald 81
Swammerdam, Jan 33, 53
symbiosis 300–01, 315
synthesis/synthetics 124, 125, 140–41,
269, 324–25
Syvanen, Michael 268, 269, 318–19
Szilárd, Leó 54, 262, 264INDEX