352
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dorling Kindersley and Tall Tree Ltd. would
like to thank Peter Frances, Marty Jopson,
Janet Mohun, Stuart Neilson, and Rupa Rao
for editorial assistance; Helen Peters for the
index; and Priyanka Singh and Tanvi Sahu for
assistance with illustrations. Directory written by
Rob Colson. Additional artworks by Ben Ruocco.
PICTURE CREDITS
The publisher would like to thank the
following for their kind permission to
reproduce their photographs:
(Key: a-above; b-below/bottom; c-center; f-far;
l-left; r-right; t-top)
25 Wikipedia: Courant Institute of
Mathematical Sciences, New York University
(bl). 27 J D Maddy: (bl). Science Photo
Library: (tr). 38 Getty Images: Time
& Life Pictures (t). 39 Dreamstime.com:
Nicku (tr). 41 Dreamstime.com: Nicku
(tr). 43 Dreamstime.com: Nicku (bl). 47
Dreamstime.com: Georgios Kollidas (bc).
48 Chemical Heritage Foundation: (bl).
Getty Images: (cr). 51 Dreamstime.com:
Nicku (bl); Theo Gottwald (tc). 54 Wikipedia:
(crb). 55 Dreamstime.com: Matauw (cr).
56 Science Photo Library: R.W. Horne /
Biophoto Associates (bc). 57 U.S. National
Library of Medicine, History of Medicine
Division: Images from the History of Medicine
(tr). 61 Dreamstime.com: Georgios Kollidas
(bl); Igor3451 (tr). 65 NASA: (br). 68
Wikipedia: Myrabella (tl). 69 Dreamstime.
com: Georgios Kollidas (tr). NASA: Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
/ Carnegie Institution of Washington (bl).
74 Dreamstime.com: Isselee (crb).
75 Dreamstime.com: Georgios Kollidas (bl).
77 Dreamstime.com: Georgios Kollidas (tr).
Getty Images: (bl). 79 Getty Images: (bl).
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.:
(cr). 81 NOAA: NOAA Photo Library (cr).
83 Dreamstime.com: Georgios Kollidas
(tr). Wikipedia: (bl). 85 Getty Images:
Colin Milkins / Oxford Scientific (cr). 87
Dreamstime.com: Georgios Kollidas (bl).
Wikipedia: (tl). 89 Science Photo Library:
European Space Agency (tl). 92 Getty
Images: UIG via Getty Images (bl). 94
Getty Images: UIG via Getty Images.
95 Dreamstime.com: Nicku (tr). 99
Dreamstime.com: Adischordantrhyme
(b). 100 Dreamstime.com: Nicku (bl).
101 Getty Images: National Galleries Of
Scotland (tr). 103 Dreamstime.com: Deborah
Hewitt (tl). The Royal Astronomical
Society of Canada: Image courtesy
of Specula Astronomica Minima (bl).
104 Dreamstime.com: Es75 (crb). 111
Wikipedia: (tr). 113 Dreamstime.com:
Georgios Kollidas (bl). Getty Images: SSPL
via Getty Images (cr). 114 Getty Images:
SSPL via Getty Images (cr). 117 Getty
Images: After Henry Thomas De La Beche /
The Bridgeman Art Library (bl); English School
/ The Bridgeman Art Library (tr). 121 Getty
Images: Universal Images Group (cr). 123
Wikipedia: (bl). 124 iStockphoto.com:
BrianBrownImages (cb). 125 Dreamstime.
com: Georgios Kollidas (tr). 129 Dreamstime.
com: Whiskybottle (bl). Library of Congress,
Washington, D.C.: James W. Black (tr). 132
Corbis: Stapleton Collection (bl). 135 Science
Photo Library: US Fish And Wildlife Service
(tr). Wikipedia: (bl). 137 Wikipedia: (bl). 138
Getty Images: SSPL via Getty Images (crb).
141 Corbis: Bettmann (tr). Dreamstime.
com: Paul Koomen (cb). 145 Dreamstime.
com: Georgios Kollidas (bc). 146
Dreamstime.com: Gary Hartz (bl). 147
Image courtesy of Biodiversity Heritage
Library. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.
org: MBLWHOI Library, Woods Hole (tc). 148
Getty Images: De Agostini (bl). Wikipedia:
(tr). 149 Getty Images: UIG via Getty Images.
152 Getty Images: (bl). 153 NASA: Jacques
Descloitres, MODIS Rapid Response Team,
NASA / GSFC (tl). 154 Getty Images: SSPL
via Getty Images (tl). 155 Dreamstime.com:
Proxorov (br). 157 Science Photo Library:
King’s College London (cr). 1 59 Dreamstime.
com: Georgios Kollidas (tr). 164 Science
Photo Library: IBM Research (tr). 165
Dreamstime.com: Nicku (bl). Wikipedia:
(tr). 168 Getty Images: (bl). iStockphoto.
com: RichardUpshur (tr). 171 Getty Images:
Roger Viollet (tl). 172 Dreamstime.com:
Skripko Ievgen (cr). 176 Alamy Images:
Interfoto (cr). 178 iStockphoto.com: Cerae
(tr). 179 iStockphoto.com: Popovaphoto
(tr). 183 123RF.com: Sastyphotos (br). 185
Dreamstime.com: Nicku (tr). 187 Getty
Images: SSPL via Getty Images (clb); Time
& Life Pictures (tr). 192 Getty Images: (bl).
193 Wikipedia: (br). 195 Dreamstime.com:
Sophie Mcaulay (b). 197 U.S. Department
of Agriculture: Electron and Confocal
Microscope Unit, BARC: (cr). Wikipedia:
Delft University of Technology (bl). 204 NASA:
NASA / SDO (tr). 205 Getty Images: (bl).
209 Getty Images. 210 Getty Images:
SSPL via Getty Images (bl). 218 Bernisches
Historisches Museum: (bl). 221 Wikipedia:
(tr). 223 Wikipedia: Bildarchiv Foto Marburg(bl). 225 U.S. National Library of
Medicine, History of Medicine Division:
Images from the History of Medicine (tr).
228 Wikipedia: Princeton Plasma Physics
Laboratory (b). 231 Getty Images: SSPL
via Getty Images (tr). 232 Getty Images:
Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images (tr).
235 Getty Images: (tr). 238 Getty Images:
(bl). 239 Alamy Images: WorldPhotos (tl).
240 NASA: JPL-Caltech (br). 243 Corbis:
Bettmann (tr). 244 NASA: WMAP Science
Team (br). 245 NASA: (tr). 247 Getty
Images: Roger Viollet (bl). 249 Wikipedia:
© Superbass/CC-BY-SA-3.0 - https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed
(via Wikimedia Commons) - http://commons.
wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Christian_Moullec_5.
jpg (cr). 251 Corbis: Bettmann (tr). 253
Alamy Images: Pictorial Press Ltd (tr).
259 National Library of Medicine: (tr).
264 Wikipedia: U.S. Department of Energy
(bl). 265 USAAF. 271 123RF.com: Kheng
Ho Toh (cr). 273 Corbis: Bettmann (tr). 278
Wikipedia: © 2005 Lederberg and Gotschlich
/ Photo: Marjorie McCarty (bl). 280 Science
Photo Library. 281 Alamy Images: Pictorial
Press Ltd (tc). 282 Wikipedia: National
Human Genome Research Institute. 285
Getty Images: The Washington Post (tl). 289
Getty Images: SSPL via Getty Images (cb).
290 University of Edinburgh: Image from
Donald Michie Web Site, used with permission
of AIAI, University of Edinburgh, http://www.
aiai.ed.ac.uk/~dm/donald-michie-2003.jpg (bl).
291 Corbis: Najlah Feanny / CORBIS SABA.
292 SOHO (ESA & NASA): (br). 293
Getty Images: (tr). 295 National Science
Foundation, USA: (bl). 297 NASA: NASA
Langley Research Center (cb). Science Photo
Library: Emilio Segre Visual Archives /
American Institute Of Physics (tr). 299 ©
CERN: (tc). Wikipedia: Bengt Nyman.
File licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution 2.0 Generic licence: http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en
(bl). 300 Science Photo Library: Don W.
Fawcett (cb). 301 Javier Pedreira: (tr). 305
Getty Images: Peter Ginter / Science Faction.
307 Getty Images: Time & Life Pictures (tr).
313 Wikipedia: Jbourjai. 316 Dreamstime.
com: Cflorinc (cr). 319 Science Photo
Library: Torunn Berge (cr). 321 Wikipedia:
Trevor J. Simmons (tr). 325 Getty Images:
(bl); UIG via Getty Images (cr).All other images © Dorling Kindersley.
For further information see:
http://www.dkimages.com