The Religions Book

348

Islam, figures (cont.)
Al-Mahdi (Hidden One) 250, 271,
285, 309
Muhammad 250, 252–53, 265,
270–71, 284–85
Qutb, Sayyid 289–90
Ramadan, Tariq 291
Rumi, Jalal al-Din Muhammad
282–83
al-Sarakhsi, Shams al-A’imma 278
al-Shafi’i (scholar) 256, 274–75
Talib, ‘Ali ibn Abi 271
Islam, Qur’an 250, 253, 256–61,
273–75, 281, 339
Arabic language as sacred 260–61
and Bible, similarities between
259
and Day of Judgment 279
disposal of 260
inimitability of 260
Meccan chapters 257–58
memorization and recitation of
258–59, 260, 267
physical respect for 259–60
suras (chapters) and verses, ordering
of 257–58

J

Jainism 66, 68–71
Five Great Vows 69, 70
Mahavira 55, 68–69, 71, 90, 94
meditation 70
nonviolence 69, 70, 146
Samvatsari festival 70
self-denial 69–70
shrines and temples 71
soul liberation 71
symbolism 70, 300
Japan
Ainu 19, 24–25
Buddhism 82–83, 85, 162–63, 310,
330, 331
Shintoism 55, 82–85, 310, 327
Tenrikyo 294, 310 , 327
Zen Buddhism 129, 162–63
Jehovah’s Witnesses (Christianity) 218,
294, 306, 312–13, 337
Jesus (Christianity) 202, 204–207, 208,
211, 334,
Jewish Science movement 333

Judaism 327

anti-Semitism 197

Diaspora 166–67, 181, 196–97

early foundations of 54

European emancipation 192

Exodus, from Egypt 166, 171–72

festival dates 195

Halacha (Jewish law) 194

Haskalah movement (Jewish

Enlightenment) 189, 196–97

Holocaust 167, 193, 198 , 332

Israelites’ exile 170, 174, 179, 186,

196

Israelites and Jews, distinction 179

Jerusalem 166, 181

Jesus as possible Messiah 181

maternal line 167, 175, 199

messiah, origin of term 178

Messianic Era 178–81

prosecution 167

Sabbath observance 172, 173, 194

Son of God, use of term 208

Star of David 197

timeline 166–67

YHWH as greatest god 170, 176 –77

Judaism, beliefs

covenant 170 –75

David’s line, Messiah from 179–80

Golden Rule 174

Jews as God’s chosen people

174 –75, 204

kashrut (dietary law) 194–95

life after death 181

Messiah 178–181

monotheism 176–77, 184–85, 193–94

Oral Law 182–83

prophecies 180–81

Judaism, branches of 332–33

Ashkenazim 166–67, 332

Conservative (Masorti) Judaism 333

Essenes 222

Hasidic movement 167, 187, 188 ,

295, 332

Humanistic Judaism 333

Jewish Science movement 333

kabbalah and mysticism 167,

186–87

Karaites 183

Liberal Judaism 175, 195

Neoorthodox movement 332–33

Orthodox 181, 194, 332 , 333

Pharisees 210

Progressive Judaism 192–95

Reconstructionist Judaism 195, 199,

333

Judaism, branches of (cont.)

Reform Judaism 175, 181, 189, 192,

193, 195, 199, 333

Sadducees 183, 210

Sephardic Judaism 332

Zionism 167, 189, 196–97

Judaism, figures

Abraham 166, 170 –71, 175, 327

Baal Shem Tov 188

Bar Kokhba, Simeon, as possible

Messiah 181

Geiger, Abraham 192, 193

Herzl, Theodor 167, 189, 196–97

Kaplan, Mordecai 333

Luria, Isaac (kabbalah) 186–87

Maimonides, Moses 181, 182,

184–85

Mendelssohn, Moses 189

Moses 171, 172–73

Noah, covenant with 173

Judaism, texts

Dead Sea Scrolls 180

Deuteronomy and third covenant 173

Mishnah text 166, 182–83

Talmud 170, 172–73, 182–83, 186,

187, 192, 333

Ten Commandments 172, 174, 194, 264

Torah (Pentateuch) 166, 167, 170 –74,

188, 189, 195, 332, 333

Zabur (book of Psalms) 256

Zohar (mystical text) 184

K

kabbalah (Judaism) 167, 186–87

Kaplan, Mordecai (Reconstructionist

Judaism) 333

Karaites (Judaism) 183

Khalsa order (Sikhism) 299–300, 302

Kharijites (Islam) 338

Krishna (Hinduism) 110–11, 328

L

Laozi see Daoism

Liberal Judaism 175, 195

Lingayatism (Hinduism) 329

INDEX