Linkingwords8 Cause andeffect, reasonand result,inference
A Find one informaland four formalitems that canmean
as aresult.
Find two words thatcanmeanin thatcase.Imhof?
4 Educationis stillWilYbehindth e re st of Europ e, and
the He alth Servi ceis incrisis. th e
eeono my,there's no im mediatesign of ane ndto the
recess ion.B 1 Itis notudvis ub lotod rink be e ruftcr\igorous
exercisebecausealcohol is ad iuretic-itmake s\'CHI
urinate. rathe rth anreplacing wha t
you havelostinswe at, itpromo tes dehyd rati on.
2 Fili ally, I foundthe p ricing to he as attract iveas the
ot her f e ature s de taileduhove. I
recommendpurchaseofth eAlEUI\\'~CAEMur kt.
3 \VithThe Lastofthe Xl olucans,Dav-Lcwi shas found
tha t vital e le me nt- sta r quality. , he is
a st rongca ndidatefo ra ll Oscar.
4 Surrv I didn't comeoutlastnight ,hutI wasfeelinga
bitunderth e we ath er. I staved at
ho me andwatchedte llv.
.5 Don't forge t to pack insectrep elle nt._-:-,-,__
.VO I1may fi. nd.voursclf ea te n alive bv the loca l.
mosquitoes.
6 ' She'sonly ill\iting yo u becau se vou'vegota car.'
____ _ _ Iwon't go.'2 Yes , I,1 111 stmI)i llgE nglish at the moment.It' s
-;::---;-_--,-__formy jo b,hutit alsomeans th at I'll
findita lote asier to travel.
3 His parents saidI was a had influenceo n him.
...,--,_-,_---,-they accu sed me oftak in g him
d rinking lastSunday morni ng;theydidn't mention
allYo the rways in whichI was supposed to huve
corruptedhi m.
7 Changingsubject,referringtosubject
AFind two itemssimilar in meaningtoanyway.
Find the i temclosestin meaning toby the way.B Ispe ntthere stofthedav watching the cycl ing on
te levision. hike s , have yougo tYOU fS
me nded ye t?
2 Da rlen eis asmise rable as ever,andJa ckienever
comes to visit us. , I' msureyou don't
wanttohear uhontmy problem s, so le t' s get hackto
thoseholiday plans.
3 I had a lette r from Patrick EKgli theother day.
_-:--=- 'Idon't suppose yo ure mem berCarineB I All th r e efilms gtvcanext re me ly finegrained res ult.
De-lta. , can not <IllitematchT-~Iil\: 100
forth e finen essofits gra in struc tu re.
2 The De lcofreezer is chea p ande fficient. Someti mes,
________, i tcan he difficultto op en.
3 Batman Returnsis su relv 11011 \"\\' 0 0<1atits most
original. , th e filmlia sits f aults.
-t li e 'snot much tolook at, and he 'scertain lvno he ro.
________I 1 0\ 'c hi m.
.5 ~vlallagersa read vise d to uvoidconfro nta tion.
-r-__-,-:-_th ey shoul dencourage sta ffto d iscu ss
theirproblem s.
6 Pro fe ssion al cyclistsdo not getsto mac h pains, even
tho ughtheyeatanddrinkwh ileco mpe ting.
________, swim mersrarelysuffer.
7 YOIIsa~'I wasdri\;ngfas t amI dangerously.
_-:--:- -r-r-r-'I wasobserdngthe speedlimit
am idri\ing with greatca re.B 1 ~Iycat seemsto thi nk she's a dog.Yeste rday ,
-t- ----,_'she bitth e post man, and this llIoming
she jumpedlipandstart edlicking myC1CC.5 Concluding,summarizing,generalizing
AFind threeitems similar in meaningtoinbrief.
Find fouritems similar in meaningtoin general.
8 1 Theea rn ings gap betweenmenandwomen in
Europe is at it s highe s t ill Britain. ----,
wome n in British ind us tryreceive 69percent of
me n' s ea m ings.
2 T he Personn el~Ianagerinterviewsall jo h app licants
here. , shelooks for pot ential rather
thanexperienceorq ua lifications.
3 And whatwas worse ,it was rainin g all thetime.
______, it wasa d isast ro us weekend.
4 (430 stude nts votedin favourofthe motion to han
smokingo nthecollegep re m ises, wh ile 462 vo ted
against.) , st udentsat th e collegearc
again st a smo king han.
5 At the backoftb e bookshel f,I foundtb e cassett e sof
tbe te lephone calls.ItwasBar bara, __ ,- _
w ho hadbeentappin g the Pal acepho ne lines.
6 Givingexamples, focusing
AFindtwoitemsthat can meanfor example.
Findtwomore items that canmeanmainly.4 Comparingandcontrasting
A 1 Find fouritems similar in meaning tosimilarly.
2 Find five itemssimilar inmeaning toby
contrast.
3 Find12 itemssimilarin meaning tobut.(Note
the degreesofformality.)
Writing sub-skills • 25