Western Civilization

CHAPTER TIMELINE

CHAPTER REVIEW

Upon Reflection

Q How did Rome’s contact with the Hellenistic world

affect Roman civilization in the second and first

centuriesB.C.E.?

Q How did Rome achieve its empire from 264 to 133

B.C.E., and in the course of its expansion, what

happened to the political structure and the political

values of the Roman republic?

Q Was the fall of the Roman republic due to systemic

institutional weaknesses or the personal ambitions

of generals and politicians? Why?

Key Terms

consuls(p. 98)

praetors(p. 98)

imperium(p. 98)

quaestors(p. 98)

aediles(p. 98)

senate(p. 98)

centuriate assembly(p. 98)

patricians(p. 99)

plebeians(p. 99)

tribunes of the plebs(p. 99)

council of the plebs(p. 99)

plebiscita(p. 99)

paterfamilias(p. 106)

latifundia(p. 107)

nobiles(p. 112)

optimates(p. 112)

populares(p. 112)

equestrian order(p. 112)

Suggestions for Further Reading

GENERAL SURVEYS Good surveys of Roman history include

C. S. Mackay,Ancient Rome: A Military and Political History

(Cambridge, 2004), andM. T. Boatwright, D. J. Gargola, and

R. J. A. Talbert, The Romans: From Village to Empire

(New York, 2004).

500 B.C.E. 406 B.C.E. 312 B.C.E. 218 B.C.E. 124 B.C.E. 30 B.C.E.

Caesar as dictator

Conquest of the Mediterranean

Conquest of Italy

Struggle of the orders Decline and collapse of the Republic

Reforms of the Gracchi

Plays of Plautus Poems of Catullus

Works of Cicero

Republic begins

Twelve Tables

118 Chapter 5The Roman Republic

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