Western Civilization

EARLY ROME The history of early Rome is well covered in

T. J. Cornell,The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from

the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c. 1000–264B.C.)(London,

1995). A good work on the Etruscans isS. Haynes,Etruscan

Civilization: A Cultural History(Los Angeles, 2005).

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE Aspects of the

Roman political structure can be studied inR. E. Mitchell,

Patricians and Plebeians: The Origin of the Roman State

(Ithaca, N.Y., 1990). On the Roman social structure, see

G. Alfoldy,The Social History of Rome(London, 1985).

THE EXPANSION OF ROME On the conquest of Italy, see

J.-M. David,The Roman Conquest of Italy,trans.A. Nevill

(Oxford, 1996). On Rome’s struggle with Carthage, seeN. Bag-

nall,The Punic Wars(Oxford, 2002). On Roman military forces,

seeA. Goldsworthy,The Complete Roman Army(London,

2003).

ROMAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE Roman religion can be

examined inE. M. Orlin,Temples, Religion, and Politics in

the Roman Republic(New York, 2002). On the Roman family,

seeS. Dixon,The Roman Family(Baltimore, 1992). On slavery

and its consequences, seeK. R. Bradley,Slavery and Rebellion

in the Roman World, 140–70B.C.(Bloomington, Ind., 1989).

For a brief, readable survey of Latin literature, seeR. M. Ogilvie,

Roman Literature and Society (Harmondsworth, England,

1980). On Roman art and architecture, seeF. S. Kleiner,A His-

tory of Roman Art(Belmont, Calif., 2006).

THELATEREPUBLIC An excellent account of basic problems in

the late republic can be found inM. Beard and M. H. Crawford,

Rome in the Late Republic(London, 1985). Also valuable areD.

Shorter,The Fall of the Roman Republic(London, 1994), andE.

Hildinger,Swords Against the Senate: The Rise of the Roman

Army and the Fall of the Republic(Cambridge, Mass., 2002).

MindTapis a fully online, highly personalized learning experience built upon

Cengage Learning content. MindTap combines student learning tools—readings,

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Notes

1. Quoted in C. Starr,Past and Future in Ancient History
   (Lanham, Md., 1987), pp. 38–39.


2. The Poems of Catullus, trans. C. Martin (Baltimore, 1990),
   p. 109.


3. Quoted in A. Everitt,Cicero(New York, 2001), p. 181.
   4. Quoted in Adrian Goldsworthy,Caesar: Life of a Colossus
   (New Haven, Conn., 2006), p. 358.
   5. Florus,Epitome of Roman History, trans. E. S. Forster
   (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), IV, ii, pp. 149–151.

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