Western Civilization

CHAPTER TIMELINE

CHAPTER REVIEW

Upon Reflection

Q Of what significance was the Carolingian

intellectual renaissance to western European

civilization?

Q What role did the Vikings play in the history of

medieval Europe?

Q Why does the author use the title “The Zenith of

Byzantine Civilization” to describe Byzantine

civilization in the ninth and tenth centuries?

Key Terms

scriptoria(p. 178)

monogamy(p. 179)

nuclear family(p. 179)

vassalage(p. 184)

fief(p. 186)

subinfeudation(p. 186)

manor(p. 186)

serfs(p. 187)

demesne(p. 187)

Suggestions for Further Reading

GENERALHISTORIESOFTHEMIDDLEAGES A good gen-

eral history of the entire medieval period can be found inJ. M.

Riddle,A History of the Middle Ages, 300–1500(Lanham,

Md., 2008). For an excellent survey of the period covered in this

chapter, seeC. Wickham,The Inheritance of Rome: A History

of Europe from 400 to 1000(New York, 2007). See also

L. Olson,The Early Middle Ages(New York, 2007).

CAROLINGIAN EUROPE On Charlemagne, seeA. Barbero,

Charlemagne: Father of a Continent, trans.A. Cameron

(Berkeley, Calif., 2004). On Carolingian culture, seeHistory and

Memory in the Carolingian World (Cambridge, 2004) by

R. McKitterick.

CAROLINGIAN SOCIAL LIFE On one aspect of social life in

the Carolingian world, seeL. Bitel,Women in Early Medieval

(^7508008509009501000)
Western
Europe
Byzantine
Empire
World
of Islam
Reign of Charlemagne
Viking raids and settlements
Vladimir, prince
of Kiev, accepts
Christianity
Beginnings of the principality of Kiev
Work of Avicenna
Macedonian dynasty in the Byzantine Empire
Work of Cyril and Methodius
Eastern
Europe
Overthrow of Umayyad dynasty by Abbasids Fatimid caliphate
begins in Egypt
196 Chapter 8European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750–1000
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