Western Civilization

Suggestions for Further Reading

GENERAL HISTORIES For a good introduction to this period,

seeW. C. Jordan,Europe in the High Middle Ages(New York,

2003).

THE NEW AGRICULTURE On peasant life, seeR. Fossier,

The Axe and the Oath: Ordinary Life in the Middle Ages

(Princeton, N.J., 2010). Technological changes are discussed in

J. Langdon,Horses, Oxen, and Technological Innovation

(New York, 1986).

THE ARISTOCRACY On the function and activities of the no-

bility in the High Middle Ages, seeS. Reynolds,Kingdoms and

Communities in Western Europe, 900–1300(Oxford, 1984).

On tournaments, seeD. Crouch,Tournament(London, 2005).

WOMENINTHEHIGHMIDDLEAGESOn women, see

J. Ward,Women in Medieval Europe, 1200–1500(London,

2003). An excellent reference work isM. C. Schaus,Women and

Gender in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia(London, 2006).

REVIVAL OF TRADE AND CITIES Urban history is covered in

D. Nicholas,The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late An-

tiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century(New York, 1997). On

daily life, seeC. Frugoi,A Day in a Medieval City,trans.W.

McCuaig(Chicago, 2006). On women in the cities, seeM. P. P.

Cosman,Women at Work in Medieval Europe(New York, 2001).

INTELLECTUAL LIFE A general work on medieval intellectual

life isM. L. Colish,Medieval Foundations of the Western In-

tellectual Tradition, 400–1400(New Haven, Conn., 1997). Var-

ious aspects of the intellectual and literary developments of the

High Middle Ages are examined in M. Haren, Medieval

Thought, 2d ed. (London, 1992).

ART AND ARCHITECTURE A good introduction to Roman-

esque style isA. Petzold,Romanesque Art, rev. ed. (New York,

2003). On the Gothic movement, seeM. Camille,Gothic Art:

Glorious Visions, rev. ed. (New York, 2003).

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Notes

1. Quoted in N. F. Cantor, ed.,The Medieval Reader(New
   York, 1994), pp. 69–70.


2. Quoted in J. Gies and F. Gies,Life in a Medieval Castle
   (New York, 1974), p. 175.


3. Quoted in R. Delort,Life in the Middle Ages, trans. R. Allen
   (New York, 1972), p. 218.
   4. Quoted in J. Gimpel,The Medieval Machine
   (Harmondsworth, England, 1977), p. 92.
   5. Quoted in J. Mundy,Europe in the High Middle Ages,
   1150–1309(New York, 1973), pp. 474–475.
   6. Quoted in H. Waddell,The Wandering Scholars(New York,
   1961), p. 222.

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