C

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A P T

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10

TheRiseofKingdoms

and the Growth of

Church Power

CHAPTER OUTLINE

AND FOCUS QUESTIONS

The Emergence and Growth of European

Kingdoms, 1000–1300

Q What steps did the rulers of England and France

take during the High Middle Ages to reverse the

decentralizing tendencies of fief-holding? What

were the major political and religious developments

in Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and northern

and eastern Europe during the High Middle Ages?

The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic

Church

Q What was at issue in the Investiture Controversy,

and what effect did the controversy have on the

church and on Germany?

Christianity and Medieval Civilization

Q What were the characteristics of the papal

monarchy and the new religious orders of the High

Middle Ages, and what role did women play in the

religious life of the period? What was the church’s

attitude toward heretics and Jews during the High

Middle Ages?

The Crusades

Q What were the reasons for the Crusades, and who

or what benefited the most from the experience of

the Crusades?

CRITICAL THINKING

QWhat factors contributed to the development

of centralized kingdoms in some parts of

Europe but not in others?

CONNECTIONS TO TODAY

QWhat, if any, is the relationship between the

Crusades in the Middle Ages and contemporary

events in the Middle East, including the Persian

Gulf War and the activities of al-Qaeda?

A medieval abbot and his monks

A. Dagli Orti//De Agostini/Getty Images

THE RECOVERY ANDGrowth of European

civilization in the High Middle Ages also affected

the state and the church. Both lords and vassals

and the Catholic Church recovered from the

invasions and internal dissension of the early

Middle Ages. Although lords and vassals seemed

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