- For a recent account of Aeneas’s tour with Evander, with bibliography, see
Klodt 2001, 11 – 17. - Edwards 1996, 12 – 14, 31 – 32, a discussion to which I owe much; cf. Gransden
1976, 34 – 35, quoting at length from the unforgettable words at the beginning of the
seventy-first, and final, chapter of Gibbon’s Decline and Fall(“The wheel of fortune
has accomplished her revolution.... The forum of the Roman people, where they
assembled to enact their laws and elect their magistrates, is now enclosed for the culti-
vation of pot-herbs, or thrown open for the reception of swine and buffaloes.”) - See Strabo 2.5.17 for this fashion. Small (1997, 234 – 35) and Klodt (2001, 17 –
- engagingly suggest that Evander’s walk acts out the mnemonic technique of hav-
ing the memory prompted by monuments in an ordered sequence: Aeneid8 would,
then, not only be about memory and be itself a repository of memory but comment on
an alternative mnemonic technique that allows memory to be stored and recalled.
On the location of the Porta Mugonia, and its status as the entrance to the
Palatine from the Sacra Via, see Coarelli 1992, 26 – 33. In his parody of this Virgilian
passage, Ovid has his mock-Evander figure take the book ofTristia3 along the same
route, up the Sacra Via, past Vesta and the Regia, and then turning to the right through
the gate of the Palatine to the house of Augustus (Tr.3.1.28 – 34).
159.Anth. Pal.9.101 – 4; cf. 9.28, on the devastation of Mycenae, without mention-
ing animals. The epigrams are undatable, though Gow and Page (1968, 2:429) com-
ment on 9.104 that it could have been written “at any time in the late Republican and
early Imperial periods.” See P. Hardie 1992, 59, on the relevance of these epigrams to
the themes of Virgil. Much comparative material in Horsfall 2000, 283 (on Virg. Aen.
7.413), for “the familiar tradition of lamenting the past glory of cities famed in myth or
history but now reduced to insignificance.”
9.104.6 has the adjective “mooing” (eujmuvkwn), though it describes the cattle
who are now stalled in Argos, not Mycenae.
Cf. Martindale 1993, 49 – 53. Propertius responds to Virgil’s collocations of
gold and cows by using Veii as Rome ’s twin. Ιn Prop. 4.1 Rome was once the home of
Evander’s cows and is now golden (1 – 5); in 4.10 Veii was once golden and is now the
home of cows (27 – 30). See Labate 1991, 176 – 78. Besides Propertius and Virgil, other
key passages juxtaposing the bucolic past and the luxuriously civilized present include
Tib. 2.5.25; Ov. Ars am. 3.119 – 20. Fantham 1997 is a valuable survey of the whole
issue, focusing especially on Propertius; cf. on Propertius, La Penna 1977, 187 – 91; on
Tibullus, Buchheit 1965.
Ambrose 1996, chaps. 14 – 15.
Zetzel 1994, 21; cf. Zetzel 1997, 200.
Above, p. 55.
Labate 1991; P. Hardie 1992, 59 – 60; D. Fowler 2000, 125; Rossi 2004, 30 – 40.
For the contemporary context of speculation on the length of Rome ’s tenure
notes to pages 164 – 165