of the inheritance, see Trompf 1979, 186 – 87. Virgil and his readers will have been as
aware of this template as Kipling and his readers: “The British... knew too much
ancient history to be complacent about their hegemonic position. Even at the zenith of
their power they thought, or were reminded by Kipling, of the fate of Nineveh and
Tyre. Already, there were many who looked forward uneasily to the decline and fall of
their own empire, like all the empires before it” (Ferguson 1993, 247 – 48). In general,
I am indebted to Zetzel 1996, an important discussion of Virgil’s debt to Cicero’s De
Re Publicain his reflections on Rome ’s limits “in both space and time” (317).
- P. Hardie 1992, 69 – 72; in general, P. Hardie 1993, esp. 1 – 3, 76; Rossi 2004,
36 – 37, on the poem’s “two competing historical visions,” with Jupiter’s teleological
plan competing with “a tragic dialectic, in which the constant antithesis between rise
and fall produces numberless beginnings and numberless ends.” - On this great scene, P. Hardie 1992, 59 – 60; Martindale 1993, 49 – 51; Edwards
1996, 11 – 12. - Barkan 1986, 87 – 88; P. Hardie 1992, 60 – 61; Tissol 1997, 186 – 88; Habinek
2002, 54.
Chapter 6.YEARS, MONTHS, AND DAYS II:
THE GRIDS OF THE FASTI
- Exiguous remains survive of two other such lists: Fasti Triumphales Urbisalvi-
enses (no. 35 in Degrassi 1947, 338 – 40); Fasti Triumphales Barberiniani (no. 36 in
Degrassi, 342 – 45). There certainly had been triumphal lists before Augustus’s, for the
“Barberiniani” predate his, but it is uncertain, and unlikely, that such triumphal and
consular lists had been exhibited together before: Degrassi 1947, xiv. An arch to the
south of the temple of Divus Julius remains the location favored by many scholars as
the original site of Augustus’s consular and triumphal lists, but the whole question is
extremely controversial: Rich 1998, 103 – 6. It can be confusing that these Augustan
fastifrom the Forum are regularly described as the Fasti Capitolini, after their location
in the Capitoline Museum, where they have been kept since their discovery in the six-
teenth century.
2.Fasti consularesoccurs twice in one passage, in the late (c. 400 c.e.?) Historia
Augusta(Ael.5.13 – 14), and has been in modern use since at least the early seventeenth
century, with Carlo Sigonio’s Fasti Consularesof 1609. Degrassi’s term “Fasti Anni
[Numani et Iuliani]” comes from Mommsen’s editions in CIL 12 ; neither this phrase nor
“Fasti Triumphales” ever occurs in ancient texts, as Degrassi himself stresses in the
case of the Fasti Triumphales (Degrassi 1947, xiv). What we refer to as Augustus’s
Fasti Triumphales are labeled Acta Triumphorumin the edition of Mommsen, Henzen,
and Huelsen in CIL 12.
3.TLL6.327.31 – 32: nonnullis locis diiudicari uix potest, utrum de unius anni fastis an
de perpetuis annis cogitetur.For an instructive example from Horace, see p. 185 below.
notes to pages 165 – 168. 285