Chinese Martial Arts. From Antiquity to the Twenty-First Century

21. I owe this particular insight to Michael Brose, who provided me with a timely,
    precise and erudite discussion of the Mongol treatment of northerners and
    southerners. The discussion that follows benefits directly from his helpful
    comments.

8 The Ming Dynasty ( 1368 – 1644 )

1. Kathleen Ryor,“Wen and Wu in Elite Cultural Practices during the Late Ming,”
   in Nicola DiCosmo (ed.),Military Culture in Imperial China, Cambridge, MA:
   Harvard University Press, 2008 , 219 – 42.


2. For the development of the Great Wall, see Arthur Waldron,The Great Wall of
   China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.


3. Kenneth Swope,A Dragon’s Head and a Serpent’s Tail, Norman: University of
   Oklahoma Press, 2009.


4. My use of this term follows David Robinson,Bandits, Eunuchs and the Son of
   Heaven, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001 , 2.


5. James Tong,Disorder under Heaven, Stanford: Stanford University Press,
   1991 , 7 , cited and quoted in Robinson, 177 fn. 14.


6. Robinson,Bandits, 5.


7. Robinson,Bandits, 5.


8. Robinson,Bandits, 84 – 5.


9. Meir Shahar,The Shaolin Monastery, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press,


10. 
    


11. Kai Filipiak,Die Chinesische Kampfkunst, Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag,
    2001 , 66 – 92.
    11 .Quoted and translated in Shahar,The Shaolin Monastery, 70.


12. Shahar,The Shaolin Monastery, 82 – 3.


13. For a Japanese comparison see Mikael S. Adolphson’s discussion of the
    warrior monks in Japan,The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha, Honolulu:
    University of Hawai’i Press, 2007.


14. Lin Boyuan,Zhongguo Wushushi, Taibei: Wuzhou Chubanshe, 1996 , 300.


15. Lin Boyuan,Zhongguo Wushushi, 315.


16. Wang Qi,Xu Wenxian Tongkao, 166 (Conglun Junji), cited in Lin Boyuan,
    Zhongguo Wushushi, 310.


17. Lin Boyuan,Zhongguo Wushushi, 317.


18. Lin Boyuan,Zhongguo Wushushi, 319.

9 The Qing Dynasty ( 1644 – 1911 )

1. Kenneth Swope,A Dragon’s Head and a Serpent’s Tail: Ming China and the
   First Great East Asian War, 1592 – 1598 , Norman: University of Oklahoma
   Press, 2009.


2. Here I have chosen to follow Joseph Esherick and Paul Cohen’sterminology,
   calling it the“Boxer Uprising”rather than the“Boxer Rebellion.”Joseph
   Esherick,TheOriginsoftheBoxerUprising, Berkeley: University of California
   Press, 1987 ;PaulA.Cohen,History in Three Keys: The Boxers as Event,
   Experience, and Myth, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

254 Notes to Pages 155 – 89