- There is a considerable scholarship on Jin Yong in particular. Classical Chinese
tales of martial artists have also, of course, been studied extensively. For Jin
Yong, see John Christopher Hamm,Paper Swordsmen: Jin Yong and the
Modern Chinese Martial Arts Novel, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press,
2006 ; the most recent work on the rise of the modern Chinese martial arts novel
is Margaret Wan,Green Peony and the Rise of the Chinese Martial Arts Novel,
Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010 ; on the development of
Chinese vernacularfiction (with particular reference to theThe Water Margin
(Shuihuzhuan)), see Liangyan Ge,Out of the Margins: The Rise of Chinese
Vernacular Fiction, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2001. In addition,
many of his works have been translated into English, for example, Louis Cha
(John Minford, trans.),The Book and the Sword, Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2005 ; and Jin Yong (Olivia Mok, trans.),Fox Volant of the Snowy
Mountain, Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1996. - Lin Boyuan, cited in Andrew Morris,Marrow of the Nation, Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2004 , 186. - Morris,Marrow of the Nation.
- Here I disagree with Morris’s assertion that“once-disparate bands of itinerant
performers and teachers suddenly exposed in China’s cities towushuschools
and artists from other regions, began to mature and coalesce into a‘commun-
ity’of martial artists”( 186 ). This community long predated the late Qing
interest in public associations. - Morris,Marrow of the Nation, 223 – 5.
- Morris,Marrow of the Nation, 227.
- I have translated the termguoshu國術as“National Art”rather than Andrew
Morris’s“NationalArts”to emphasize the intent to create a unified Chinese
martial art that encompassed all of the disparate arts into one, all-embracing
framework. The term in Chinese is, of course, ambiguous with regard to
number. - Morris,Marrow of the Nation, 204.
- Morris,Marrow of the Nation, 210.
- Ralph Thaxton,Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2008 , 315. - Matthew Polly,American Shaolin, New York: Gotham Books, 2007 , 57.
- Matthew Polly,American Shaolin, 6.
- Thaxton,Catastrophe and Contention, 316.
- Professor Thaxton kindly allowed me to read some of his unpublished
research. - Polly,American Shaolin, 356 – 7.
- Andrew Jacobs,“Town Asks Kung Fu Monks for Tourism Blessing,”New
York Times, 1 January 2009. - It is an interesting parallel that non-Chinese have been able to make Chinese
martial arts movies as well as or better than Chinese directors, in the same way
that the iconic spaghetti Westerns were shot by non-Americans.
256 Notes to Pages 216 – 36