- See also Wells, Scholar Boxer: Chang Naizhou’s Theory of Internal Martial Arts. Wang
Zongyue’s writings are included in Taijiquan pu, pp. 24–39. According to Tang Hao
and Gu Liuxin (Taijiquan yanjiu, p. 183), Wang probably studied Chen Family Taiji
Quan when he resided in nearby Luoyang and Kaifeng. - Their manuals are included in Taijiquan pu, pp. 245–275 and 276 –339
respectively. - Gymnastics
- See Chase, Firearms: A Global History to 1700, pp. 141–150.
- Neigong tushuo, p. 2. Wang’s scholarly works are listed in the Qing shi gao,
145.4 262; 147.433 4; 14 8.4 417. - See Neigong tushuo, pp. 2–3. We have no way of knowing how accurate Wang’s
memory was. Pan’s Essential Techniques might have differed from the Illustrated Exposi-
tion Wang had obtained at the Shaolin Temple. However, even if the manuals were
textually diverse, it is likely that the techniques were largely similar. See Tang Hao,
“Songshan Shaolin chuanxi de he huiji de ticao,” pp. 26 –27. - Dudgeon, “Kung-fu or Medical Gymnastics,” pp. 521–522 (slightly revised);
the original is Neigong tushuo, pp. 21–27. Dudgeon probably worked on an earlier edi-
tion of the same exercises: Pan Weiru’s Weisheng yaoshu (1858). See Dudgeon, “Kung-
fu or Medical Gymnastics,” p. 503. - Neigong tushuo, pp. 1–2.
- Watson, The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu, 15.167–168 (slightly altered).
- See Harper, Early Chinese Medical Literature, pp. 125–142; 310–327.
- See Ibid., pp. 310–327.
- Engelhardt, “Longevity Techniques and Chinese Medicine,” p. 101.
- Needham and Lu, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5, part V, p. 161; the
original is Sanguo zhi, “Weishu,” 29.804. - See Maspero, “Methods of ‘Nourishing the Vital Principle,’” p. 469; and
Needham and Lu, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5, part V, p. 149. On qi, see
also Kuriyama, Expressiveness of the Body. - Maspero, “Methods of ‘Nourishing the Vital Principle,’” pp. 459–460; and
Needham and Lu, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5, part V, pp. 145–146. - Lau, Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching, p. 116.
- Maspero, “Methods of ‘Nourishing the Vital Principle,’” pp. 465–484;
Needham and Lu, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5, part V, pp. 147–148. - See Despeux, “Gymnastics: The Ancient Tradition,” p. 249; Dudgeon,
“Kung-fu or Medical Gymnastics,” pp. 494–500; and Needham and Lu, Science and
Civilization in China, vol. 5, part V, p. 155. - Chifeng sui, 2.25a.
- Consider for example the following statement from the “Inward Training” (neiye)
chapter of the Guanzi (ca. fourth century BCE): “concentrate the qi as if a spirit (ru shen),
and the myriad things will all reside within.” See Puett, To B e c o m e a G o d, p. 115. - Needham and Ling, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 2, pp. 139–154;
and Needham and Lu, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 5, part II, pp. 71–127.
Notes to Pages 135–144 227