The End of the Cold War. 1985-1991

628 THE END OF THE COLD WAR

Eastern Europe (Cont.)
revolutions in (1989) 3, 8, 392, 400–15,
416, 435–6, 444, 458, 497
signing of National Security Decision
Directive by Reagan 76
withdrawal of Soviet forces question
325, 327, 355, 358, 359, 409,
430–1
see also individual countries
Eastern Europe, policies towards
United States 66, 76, 162, 327–8
USSR 72–6, 80, 95, 151–2, 314–20,
400–15
Western Europe 66–73, 240, 316, 319,
321, 322–3, 324, 327–8, 400, 403,
422
economic decline (USSR) 9, 55–6, 58–60,
179–80, 199, 227–8, 339, 344, 400,
419, 441, 442, 445–6, 469
economic expansion (US) 48, 58, 78, 140,
257, 268, 275
economic reform (USSR) 60–1, 62, 63,
129, 135, 227–8, 241, 260, 324, 326,
344, 354, 371, 373, 386, 416, 421–2,
443, 445, 449, 469, 497
EEC see European Economic Community
enemy, images of the
American images of USSR 18–19,
43–4, 49, 52, 216, 250, 294, 342
Soviet images of United States 225,
261–4
Ermath, Fritz 259, 341, 369, 371–2, 374
espionage 49, 183, 258–9, 260–1
American 49, 259–60
industrial 49, 260, 344, 434
Soviet 49, 183, 245, 256, 260, 339, 344,
434
see also CIA; Directoire de la
Surveillance Territoire; GRU;
KGB; MI6
Estonia 80, 435, 452, 453, 455–6, 459,
485
Ethiopia 393–4
Eurocommunism 97–8, 110, 269
European Economic Community (EEC)
371

and Eastern Europe 366, 367

‘export of revolution’ 420

al-Faisal, Saud 472

Falin, Valentin 73, 263, 391–2, 413, 414,

438, 443, 447, 450, 465

Falklands War (1982) 89, 303

Fiat 88–9

Finnish Communist Party 96–7

First World War 16

Fischer, Oscar 325

Fitzwater, Marlin 372

Foot, Michael 100

Ford, Gerald 14, 34, 364

foreign policy, reform of

American 14, 17–21, 22–23, 34, 36–9,

43–5, 47–50, 66, 102, 114–5, 139

Soviet 111, 122, 124, 126–7, 134–6, 138

ff.: passim

see also Gorbachëv, Mikhail; Reagan,

Ronald; Shevardnadze, Eduard;

Shultz, George; Yakovlev,

Alexander

France

Eureka project 151

Gorbachëv’s visit to (1985) 147–8

relations with US 86

relations with USSR 301, 304, 403, 407

see also Mitterand, François

French Communist Party 96, 97

Friedman, Milton 16, 37

Frolov, Ivan 59, 346

G7 summits

(1990) (Houston) 445–6, 449

(1991) (London) 487, 488

Gaddafi, Muammar 184, 186, 394–5

Gandhi, Rajiv 138, 154, 263, 329, 386

Gapurov, Mukhamednazar 63

Garland, Sean 391

Gates, Robert 192, 259, 260–1, 278, 328,

339, 354, 377

General Department (USSR) see under

Communist Party of the Soviet

Union

General Staff Academy 227