INDEX 629Geneva summit (1985) 122–4, 127, 141,
150–9, 161, 169
Genscher, Hans-Dietrich 309, 365–6, 427,
433, 438, 448
Georgia (USSR) 269, 348, 465
Armenians in 39
history of 269
relations with USSR 131, 351 465
Russian invasion (2008) 499
and Shevardnadze 130–1, 179, 251,
253, 255, 269, 320, 325, 371,
453–4, 464–5, 474, 476
Tbilisi massacre (1989) 370–1, 456–7,
466, 467, 468
German Democratic Republic see East
Germany
German reunification 73, 182, 404, 407–8,
410, 411, 412–13, 421, 423, 427, 430,
432, 433–4
and Bush 404, 414, 421
and Gorbachëv 412, 421, 427, 430, 433,
441, 443–4
Gorbachëv’s deal with Kohl over
447–50
and Kohl 8, 412, 421, 430, 433, 447–8,
498
Kohl’s Ten-Point Plan for 413–14, 423,
427
Germany 438, 441–51
and NATO membership 434, 437, 438,
440, 443
recognizing of post-war border with
Poland 444
see also East Germany; West Germany
Gierek, Eduard 65, 67
Glavlit 77, 78
Gorbachëv, Mikhail 109–10, 119–27
American opinion on 339
and Afghan war 130, 150, 156, 161,
177, 178, 179, 202, 291
and Africa 392–3
and agriculture 111, 121, 125
and Andropov 62, 103
and Armed Forces leaders 344
and Asia 378
appeal for economic assistance 445–6,
448, 471–2, 493–4
appointment of reformers to leading
posts 346
‘asymmetrical response’ programme
195
attributes and qualities 103–4, 110–11,
120–2, 153, 163, 464–5, 484, 492
awarded Nobel Peace Prize 475
background 120–1, 121–2
and Baltic states 452–3, 455–62
and biological weapons question 373
and Bush 4, 5, 356, 374–5, 420–1, 442,
488, 492–3
and Camp David summit (1990) 442–4
change in title from Chairman of
Supreme Soviet Presidium to
President 434–5
and Chernobyl power station disaster
185, 187, 189
and Chinese–Soviet relations 152, 187,
198, 202, 378–80, 380, 381,
384–9
and constitutional reform 334–8,
351–2
contribution to end of Cold War 3–4
coup against, failed (1991) 6, 8, 487–92
criticism of his policies 241–3, 349–50,
375, 425–6, 431, 434, 437, 438,
444–5, 476, 478
and Cuba 396–7
decline in international status 483–4
as deputy leader to Chernenko 103–5
and dismantling of Soviet Union
485–90
and East Germany 408–9, 410–12
and Eastern Europe 124, 151–2, 187,
314–28, 352–3, 367, 409, 484
and the Eastern Europe revolutions
400–15, 444, 497
economy and economic reforms 176,
199, 228, 267–8, 367, 419, 422,
441, 443, 469, 471, 487, 497
elected as leader (1985) 120
and Ethiopia 393–4
and 500 Days programme 469, 471
and Geneva Summit (1985) 150–9