302 A Positive Century (1815–1914)International Law, which remain to this day a principal means of access to
the earliest writing on international law. A diff erent body was the Carnegie
Endowment for International Peace, founded in 1910 for the chief purpose
of promoting the abolition of war. Plans were laid, also with Carnegie back-
ing, for the establishment of an international academy for teaching interna-
tional law, to be located at Th e Hague. Some additional support for this ef-
fort came from T. M. C. Asser, who, aft er cowinning the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1911, donated part of the proceeds to the cause. Th e coming of war in
1914, however, delayed the project.
National societies of international law were established at this time in the
larger developed countries. Th e American Society of International Law was
founded in 1906. Its fi rst president was Secretary of State Elihu Root, al-
though the dominant fi gure in the day- to- day work was James Brown Scott.
Scott taught international law for a short time at Columbia Law School—
where one of his students was Franklin D. Roo se velt (who later referred to
Scott as the “Revered Preceptor of my youth”). He also served as legal ad-
viser to the Department of State, and later as secretary of the Carnegie En-
dowment. For broader Western Hemi sphere reach, there was the American
Institute of International Law, founded in 1912. Its leading fi gures were
Scott and Alejandro Álvarez. Th e German Society for International Law
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Völkerrecht) was established in 1912, with Th eo-
dore Niemeyer of the University of Kiel as its leading found er.
Along with the various societies came professional journals. Th e German
journal, the Zeitschrift für internationales Privat- und öff entlichhes Recht,
began publication 1890 in Leipzig, covering private international law as well
as public. Th e fi rst journal to be devoted entirely to public international law
was the French Revue Générale de Droit International Public, which began
publication in 1894. Its fi rst coeditors were Paul Fauchille and Antoine Pillet.
In Spain, the Revista de derecho internacional y política exterior began publi-
cation in 1905, under the editorship of the Marquis de Olivart. In Italy, the
Revista di diritto internazionale was founded in 1906, chiefl y by Anzilotti. In
the following year, the American Journal of International Law began publi-
cation, with Scott as editor. Th e fi rst yearbook of international law was pub-
lished in Germany in 1913 (the Jahrbuch des Völkerrechts), under the editor-
ship of Niemeyer and a promising young lawyer named Karl Strupp. In the
1880s, the American lawyer Francis Wharton published a Digest of Interna-