In Full Flower 303tional Law, embodying state practice in the area, chiefl y from the American
standpoint. A successor Digest was published, in seven volumes, by John
Bassett Moore of Columbia University, in 1907. In 1905, La Pradelle, along
with a young Greek lawyer named Nicolas Politis, began publishing a collec-
tion of arbitral opinions— the fi rst series of international-law case reports.
Teaching and Learning International Law
Along with professional societies and learned journals, a self- respecting sci-
entifi c profession required some kind of training pro cess or means of admit-
ting new members into the ranks. In this respect, international law lagged far
behind other parts of the legal professions. Th ere was not— and still is
not— an international bar society with an exclusive power to license persons
to practice international law. Moreover, the number of people who could
claim international law as a career- long occupation was slender in the ex-
treme. As late as the 1880s, we fi nd Lorimer lamenting that there was not a
single example of a fi rst- rate author who had made international law a sub-
ject of lifetime study. Ironically, Lorimer’s own career illustrated his point,
as his early work had been in the area of Scots law rather than international
law. A generation later, things were much the same, with Oppenheim ob-
serving that “[t]he majority of the people in [Great Britain] who take an in-
terest in International Law are not jurists and have no legal training.”
Most of the major contributors to the subject came late to the fi eld, aft er
specializing in other areas of law. Bluntschli’s professorship at the Univer-
sity of Heidelberg was in constitutional law. He was nearly sixty before he
turned his attention to international law. Jellinek, also at Heidelberg, simi-
larly held a professorship in jurisprudence rather than international law.
Triepel was a scholar of constitutional law as well as international law. In the
United States, Francis Lieber, the draft er of an infl uential code on the con-
duct of war, was, like his friend Bluntschli, primarily a po liti cal scientist.
Th eodore Dwight Woolsey, the fi rst teacher of international law at Yale Law
School, began his career as a professor of classics. Westlake’s early expertise
was in private international law. Th e same was true of Mancini. Fiore origi-
nally taught philosophy, as well as constitutional and administrative law.
Louis Renault had originally specialized in Roman law and commercial law,
and then in criminal law.