- Portugal- Spain, Treaty of Aloaçoves, Sep. 4, 1479, art. 8, in ibid., 33– 48; and
Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 1, 683– 90. - Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 1, 649– 53.
- Muldoon, Popes, 136.
- See Inter Caetera, May 3, 1493, in Davenport, ed., E u r o p e a n T r e a t i e s , 56– 63; and
Inter Caetera, May 4, 1493, in ibid., 71– 78; and Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 2, 103– 9. - Muldoon, Popes, 136– 39.
- Portugal- Spain, Treaty of Tordesillas, July 2, 1494, in Charles Gibson, ed., Th e
Spanish Tradition in America (New York: Harper and Row, 1968), 42– 51; Daven-
port, ed., E u r o p e a n T r e a t i e s , vol. 1, 84– 100; and Grewe, ed., Fontes, vol. 2, 110– 16. - Portugal- Spain, Treaty of May 7, 1495, in Davenport, E u r o p e a n T r e a t i e s , vol. 1,
101– 6. - Portugal- Spain, Treaty of Saragossa, Apr. 22, 1529, in ibid., 185– 97; and Grewe,
ed., Fontes, vol. 2, 117– 34. - See Barry Nicholas, An Introduction to Roman Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1962), 115– 40. - On possession ceremonies, see Lauren Benton and Benjamin Straumann, “Ac-
quiring Empire by Law: From Roman Doctrine to Early Modern Eu ro pe an Practice,”
28 Law and History Review 1– 38 (2010), 31– 35. - Fernández- Armesto, Before Columbus, 212.
- Lewis Hanke, Th e Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America
(Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949), 25– 26. - J. H. Parry, Th e Spanish Th eory of Empire in the Sixteenth Century (Ca mbridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1940), 38. - D. A. Brading, Th e First America: Th e Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and
the Liberal State 1492– 1867 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), 81. - See Patricia Seed, Ceremonies of Possession in Eu rope’s Conquest of the New
Worl d , 1492– 16 4 0 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 73– 94. - Anthony Pagden, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain
and France c. 1500– c. 1800 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995), 91. - Stephen Greenblatt, Marvelous Possessions: Th e Wonder of the New World (Ox-
ford: Clarendon Press, 1991), 98. - Gibson, ed., Spanish Tradition, 58– 60.
- Hanke, Spanish Struggle, 35.
- Seed, Ceremonies, 98– 99.
- Brading, First America, 30– 31. For the view that the requerimiento was not em-
ployed on that occasion, see Seed, Ceremonies, 98– 99. - J. H. Parry, Th e Spanish Seaborne Empire (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1966), 124.
- Muldoon, Popes, 14 0 – 43.
- Hanke, Spanish Struggle, 111– 12.
- Richard Tuck, Th e Rights of War and Peace: Po liti cal Th ought and the Interna-
tional Order from Grotius to Kant (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 72– 73.
502 Notes to Pages 109–115