590 Bibliographic Essay2005); Gary Jonathan Bass, Stay the Hand of Vengeance: Th e Politics of War Crimes
Tr i b u n a l s (Prince ton University Press, 2000), 58– 105; and, more briefl y, Wi l l is, Pro-
logue to Nuremberg, 126– 42, 146– 47. On the Constantinople trial concerning the Ar-
menian atrocities, see Bass, Stay the Hand, 106– 46.
On the draft ing the League of Nations Covenant, the leading work continues to be
David Hunter Miller, Th e Draft ing of the Covenant (2 vols.; G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1928).
For briefer accounts, see F. P. Walters, A History of the League of Nations (Ox ford Uni-
versity Press, 1952), 25– 38; Margaret MacMillan, Peacemakers: Th e Paris Conference
of 1919 and Its Attempt to End War (John Murray, 2001), 92– 106; Lloyd E. Ambrosius,
Woodrow Wilson and the American Diplomatic Tradition: Th e Treaty Fight in Perspec-
tive (Cambridge University Press, 1987), 51– 79; and Alfred Zimmern, Th e League of
Nations and the Rule of Law 1918– 1935 (Macmillan, 1936), 236– 63. On the par tic u lar
issue of a racial equality provision in the covenant, see Macmillan, Peacemakers, 315 –
30; Robert A. Klein, Sovereign Equality among States: Th e History of an Idea (Univer-
sity of Toronto Press, 1974), 76– 83; and Paul Gordon Lauren, “Human Rights in His-
tory: Diplomacy and Racial Equality at the Paris Peace Conference,” 2 Diplomatic
History 257– 78 (1978).
Th e leading history of the League of Nations is still Walters, History of the League,
which, although not written from a legal perspective, contains much information
about legal disputes. See also F. S. Northedge, Th e League of Nations: Its Life and Times
1920– 1946 (Leicester University Press, 1986). On the league mandate system, Quincy
Wright, Mandates under the League of Nations (University of Chicago Press, 1930)
continues to be useful. For a more recent perspective, see Antony Anghie, Imperialism,
Sovereignty and the Making of International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2007),
115– 95. On the famous (if unsuccessful) program for protecting minority rights in Up-
per Silesia, see Georges Kaeckenbeeck, Th e International Experiment of Upper Silesia:
A Study in the Working of the Upper Silesian Settlement, 1922– 1937 (Ox ford Universit y
Press, 1942). In addition, and more generally, see Jennifer Jackson Preece, “Minority
Rights in Eu rope: From Westphalia to Helsinki,” 23 Rev. Int’l Stud. 75– 92 (1997). On
the legal issues posed by the requirement of registration of treaties, see Manley O. Hud-
son, “Th e Registration and Publication of Treaties,” 19 AJIL 273– 92 (1925).
On the Pact of Paris, see James T. Shotwell, War as an Instrument of National Policy
and Its Renunciation in the Pact of Paris (Constable, 1929); and Robert H. Ferrell,
Peace in Th eir Time: Th e Origins of the Kellogg- Briand Pact (Yale University Press,
1952). For a more recent consideration, see Bernhard Roscher, Der Briand- Kellogg-
Pakt von 1928: Der ‘Verzicht auf den Krieg als Mittel nationaler Politik’ im völkerrech-
tlichen Denken der Zwischenkriegszeit (Nomos 2004).
On the World Court (or Permanent Court of International Justice), the leading
work is Manley O. Hudson, Th e Permanent Court of International Justice, 1920– 1942:
A Treatise (Macmillan, 1943), although lay readers might fi nd it to be somewhat
daunting. Another very thorough study of the Court is Ole Spiermann, International
Legal Argument in the Permanent Court of International Justice: Th e Rise of the Inter-